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Table 5 Baseline and infection characteristics

From: Multi-drug resistance, inappropriate initial antibiotic therapy and mortality in Gram-negative severe sepsis and septic shock: a retrospective cohort study

 

IAAT

Non-IAAT

P value

 

N

%

N

%

 
 

819

76.97

245

23.03

 

Baseline characteristics

Age (years)

     

 Mean ± standard deviation

60.3 ± 15.1

 

61.8 ± 15.1

  

 Median (25th, 75th percentile)

62 (51, 71)

 

63 (52, 72)

 

0.165

Race

     

 Caucasian

543

66.30

159

64.90

0.643

 African-American

218

26.62

71

28.98

 Hispanic

1

0.12

0

0.00

 Other

9

1.10

0

0.00

 Unknown

39

4.76

12

4.90

 Asian

9

1.10

3

1.22

Sex, female

377

46.14

119

48.57

0.504

Admission source

     

 Home

585

71.52

123

50.20

<0.001

 Nursing home (including LTAC)

62

7.58

30

12.24

 Transfer from other hospital

148

18.09

83

33.88

 Unknown

20

2.44

8

3.27

 Other

3

36.00

1

0.41

Comorbidities

     

 CHF

150

18.32

64

26.12

0.009

 COPD

190

23.30

73

29.80

0.043

 CLD

134

16.36

36

14.69

0.619

 DM

202

24.66

72

29.39

0.157

 CKD

141

17.22

53

21.63

0.131

 Malignancy

379

46.28

89

36.33

0.007

 HIV

7

85.00

5

2.04

0.161

Charlson comorbidity score

     

 Mean ± standard deviation

5.00 ± 3.35

 

5.18 ± 3.52

  

 Median (25th, 75th percentile)

5 (2, 7)

 

4 (3, 8)

 

0.624

HCA risk factor

     

 Hemodialysis

55

6.80

38

15.64

<0.001

 Immune suppression

334

41.70

90

37.34

0.228

 Prior hospitalization

485

62.26

164

71.30

0.012

 Nursing home residence

62

7.57

30

12.24

0.022

 Prior antibiotics

429

52.38

170

69.39

<0.001

 Hospital-acquired BSIa

366

44.69

137

55.92

0.002

 Prior bacteremia within 30 days

95

11.60

39

15.92

0.074

Sepsis characteristics

LOS prior to bacteremia (days)

     

 Mean ± standard deviation

7.0 ± 12.1

 

11.7 ± 19.6

  

 Median (25th, 75th percentile)

1 (0, 10)

 

5 (0, 16)

 

<0.001

Surgery

     

 None

575

70.90

162

66.94

0.033

 Abdominal

152

18.74

36

14.88

 Extra-abdominal

84

10.36

44

18.18

 Central line

491

62.31

170

72.34

0.005

TPN at time of bacteremia or prior to it during index hospitalization

53

6.59

22

9.17

0.175

APACHE II score

     

 Mean ± standard deviation

16.5 ± 6.2

 

18.7 ± 6.6

  

 Median (25th, 75th percentile)

16 (12, 20)

 

18 (14, 22)

 

<0.001

Severe sepsis

451

55.07

108

44.08

0.003

Septic shock requiring pressors

368

44.93

137

55.92

On mechanical ventilation

176

21.57

89

36.33

<0.001

Peak WBC

     

 Mean ± standard deviation

22.1 ± 18.3

 

22.9 ± 17.1

  

 Median (25th, 75th percentile)

17.0 (7.5, 33.8)

 

18.3 (8.6, 37.0)

 

0.298

Infection sourceb

     

 Urine

206

25.15

55

22.45

0.446

 Abdomen

124

15.14

31

12.65

0.355

 Lung

154

18.80

63

25.71

0.024

 Line

87

10.62

22

8.98

0.548

 CNS

6

0.73

1

0.41

1.000

 Skin

41

5.01

21

8.57

0.043

 Unknown

260

31.75

71

29.98

0.432

Polymicrobal BSI

130

15.87

59

24.08

0.003

MDR BSI

16

1.95

45

18.37

<0.001

  1. aHospital-acquired BSI defined as BSI that developed after day 2 of hospitalization. bMultiple sources possible. APACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; BSI, bloodstream infection; CHF, congestive heart failure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CLD, chronic liver disease; CNS, central nervous system; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; HCA, healthcare-associated; IAAT, initially appropriate antibiotic therapy; LOS, length of stay; LTAC, long-term acute care; MDR, multidrug resistant; TPN, total parenteral nutrition; WBC, white blood cells.