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Table 2 Baseline and infection characteristics and outcomes

From: Multi-drug resistance, inappropriate initial antibiotic therapy and mortality in Gram-negative severe sepsis and septic shock: a retrospective cohort study

 

Died ( n  = 311)

Survived ( n  = 753)

P value

 

N

%

N

%

 

Baseline characteristics

Age (years)

     

 Mean ± standard deviation

65.0 ± 13.0

  

62.3 ± 14.8

 

 Median (25th, 75th percentiles)

66.5 (55, 73.5)

  

63 (53, 72)

0.036

Race

     

 Caucasian

198

63.67

504

66.93

0.101

 African-American

96

30.87

193

25.63

 Hispanic

0

0.00

1

0.13

 Other

1

0.32

8

1.06

 Unknown

10

3.22

41

5.44

 Asian

6

1.93

6

0.80

Sex, female

140

45.60

356

47.34

0.518

Admission source

     

 Home

178

57.23

530

70.48

0.001

 Nursing home/LTAC

30

9.65

62

8.24

 Transfer from other hospital

88

28.30

143

19.02

 Unknown

14

4.50

14

1.86

 Other

1

0.13

3

0.40

Comorbidities

     

 CHF

78

25.08

136

18.06

0.009

 COPD

92

29.58

171

22.71

0.018

 CLD

65

20.90

105

13.94

0.005

 DM

79

25.40

195

25.90

0.867

 CKD

68

21.86

126

16.73

0.049

 Malignancy

128

41.16

340

45.15

0.232

 HIV

6

1.93

6

0.80

0.112

Charlson comorbidity score

     

 Mean ± standard deviation

5.4 ± 3.6

 

4.9 ± 3.3

  

 Median (25th, 75th percentiles)

5 (3, 8)

 

4 (2, 7)

 

0.022

HCA risk factors

292

95.74

676

91.35

0.014

Hemodialysis

41

13.62

52

6.92

0.001

Immune suppression

134

44.08

290

39.30

0.153

Prior hospitalization

204

69.86

445

62.06

0.019

Nursing home residence

30

9.65

62

8.23

0.456

Prior antibiotics

194

62.38

405

53.78

0.010

Hospital-acquired BSIa

153

49.20

350

46.48

0.420

Bacteremia that was not HCA (that is, community acquired)

19

6.11

77

10.23

0.033

Prior bacteremia within 30 days

37

11.90

97

12.88

0.660

Sepsis characteristics and outcomes

LOS prior to sepsis onset, days

     

 Mean ± standard deviation

9.8 ± 18.4

 

7.3 ± 12.1

  

 Median (25th, 75th percentiles)

2 (0, 13)

 

1 (0, 11)

 

0.227

Surgery

     

 None

227

73.94

510

68.36

0.011

 Abdominal

38

12.38

150

20.11

 Extra-abdominal

42

13.68

86

11.53

 Central line

199

67.46

462

63.55

0.236

Total parenteral nutrition

19

6.33

56

7.53

0.499

APACHE II score

     

 Mean ± standard deviation

19.9 ± 7.4

 

15.8 ± 5.4

  

 Median (25th, 75th percentiles)

19 (15, 25)

 

16 (12, 19)

 

<0.001

Peak WBC

     

 Mean ± standard deviation

21.6 ± 18.7

 

22.6 ± 17.7

  

 Median (25th, 75th percentiles)

16.4 (7.2, 32)

 

18.0 (8.2, 37)

 

0.275

Infection sourceb

 Urine

60

19.29

201

26.69

0.011

 Abdomen

49

15.76

106

14.08

0.48

 Lung

88

28.30

129

17.13

<0.001

 Line

23

7.40

86

11.42

0.049

 CNS

4

1.29

3

0.40

0.204

 Skin

20

6.43

42

5.58

0.589

 Unknown

90

28.94

241

32.01

0.326

 Polymicrobal

60

19.29

129

17.13

0.402

Total hospital LOS (days)

     

 Mean ± standard deviation

22.9 ± 28.3

 

23.3 ± 23.7

  

 Median (25th, 75th percentiles)

15 (6, 28)

 

17 (8, 30)

 

0.013

Hospital LOS following sepsis onset, days

     

 Mean ± standard deviation

13.1 ± 19.8

 

16.0 ± 18.0

  

 Median (25, 75)

8 (3, 17)

 

10 (6, 20)

 

<0.001

  1. APACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; BSI, bloodstream infection; CHF, congestive heart failure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CNS, central nervous system; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CLD, chronic liver disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; HCA, healthcare-associated; LOS, length of stay; LTAC, long-term acute care; WBC, white blood cells. aHospital-acquired BSI defined as BSI that developed after day 2 of hospitalization. bMultiple sources possible.
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