Table 3 Characteristics of overall cohort ^a

Age, yr, mean ± SD

59.62 ± 19

59.53 ± 19

0.714

Male, n (%)

5,705 (50.7)

5,924 (50.6)

0.891

BMI, kg/m², mean ± SD

26.9 ± 6

27.1 ± 6

0.055

SAPS III score, mean ± SD

42.49 ± 15

42.06 ± 15

0.027

Charlson index score, median (IQR)

1 (0; 2)

1 (0; 2)

0.106

Admission type, n (%)

0.021

Medical

8,399 (74.6)

8,549 (73.0)

Elective surgical

2,547 (22.6)

2,285 (24.1)

Emergency surgical

310 (2.8)

333 (2.8)

Diagnosis category, n (%)

Cardiovascular

3,390 (30.1)

3,480 (29.7)

0.512

Sepsis

1,386 (12.3)

1,653 (14.1)

<0.001

Neurological

1,376 (12.2)

1,336 (11.4)

0.056

Respiratory^b

778 (6.9)

645 (5.5)

<0.001

Orthopedic surgery

733 (6.5)

814 (7.0)

0.184

Neurosurgery

218 (1.9)

267 (2.3)

0.070

Thoracic surgery

89 (0.8)

99 (0.8)

0.645

Cardiac surgery

625 (5.6)

706 (6.0)

0.122

RRT^c

410 (3.6)

414 (3.5)

0.665

Vasopressors^c

1,838 (16.3)

2,055 (17.6)

0.013

Noninvasive ventilation^c

1,735 (15.4)

1,314 (11.2)

<0.001

During ICU stay

2,446 (21.7)

2,405 (20.5)

0.027

At ICU admission

1,677 (14.9)

1,673 (14.3)

0.190

ICU LOS, days

Mean ± SD

4.20 ± 6.5

3.87 ± 5.3

<0.001

Median (IQR)

2 (1; 4)

2 (1; 4)

0.095

Total hospital LOS, days

Mean ± SD

13.29 ± 22.6

12.94 ± 20.1

0.215

Median (IQR)

7 (4; 14)

7 (4; 14)

0.110

Mortality, % (95% CI)

ICU mortality

9.5% (9.0; 10.0)

7.3% (6.8; 7.7)

<0.001

Hospital mortality

14.1% (13.5; 14.8)

11.9% (11.3; 12.5)

<0.001