Table 1 Clinical and MSsE parameters of all subjects

Baseline characteristics

Age, years

58.78 ± 3.16

54.00 ± 18.26

0.061

Sex, male

14 (60.9%)

44 (77.2%)

0.139

Current smoking

1 (4.3%)

18 (31.6%)

0.010

Pre-existing comorbidity

Diabetes Mellitus

7 (30.4%)

15 (26.3%)

0.709

Hypertension

18 (78.3%)

19 (33.3%)

<0.001

Stroke

1 (4.3%)

2 (3.5%)

0.858

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 (4.3%)

3 (5.3%)

0.865

End-stage renal disease

0 (0%)

3 (5.3%)

0.262

Coronary artery disease

0 (0%)

13 (22.8%)

0.012

Prior myocardial infarction

0 (0%)

3 (5.3%)

0.262

Heart failure

0 (0%)

17 (29.8%)

0.002

MSsE parameters

Slope 5

0.19 ± 0.10

0.24 ± 0.27

<0.001

Area 6 to 20

338.40 ± 6.50

192.04 ± 76.71

<0.001

Area 6 to 40

146.05 ± 2.82

80.77 ± 33.65

<0.001