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Table 2 Demographics, risk factors, and treatments in patients with different time to extubation after cardiac surgery

From: Postoperative intubation time is associated with acute kidney injury in cardiac surgical patients

Time to first extubation

(1) ≤4 h n =94

(2)>4 h to ≤8 h n =287

(3) >8 h to ≤12 h n =105

(4) >12 h to ≤16 h n =45

(5) n >16 n =53

Significance (within group differences)

Significance (between different times to extubation)

Age (years)

63 (58 to 68)

68 (66 to 70)

71 (68 to 73)

68 (65 to 73)

71 (67 to 74)

P <0.001

(1) vs. (2) (3) (4) (5)

(2) vs. (1) (3)

(3) vs. (1) (2)

(4) vs. (1)

(5) vs. (1)

Additive Euroscore

4 (3 to 5)

5 (4 to 5)

6 (5 to 6)

5 (4 to 6)

7 (6 to 9)

P <0.001

(1) vs. (2) (3) (4) (5)

(2) vs. (1) (3) (5)

(3) vs. (1) (2)

(4) vs. (1) (5)

(5) vs. (1) (2) (4)

eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2)

86.2 (81.5 to 90.4)

80.4 (78.0 to 85.2)

74.6 (71.4 to 81.2)

84.1 (76.9 to 89.1)

67.6 (57.3 to 90.3)

P =0.02

(1) vs. (2) (3) (5)

(2) vs.(1)

(3) vs. (1)

(5) vs. (1)

Duration of surgery (min)

222 (205 to 240)

252 (244 to 260)

260 (246 to 276)

263 (248 to 280)

291 (270 to 385)

P <0.001

(1) vs. (2) (3) (4) (5)

(2) vs. (1) (5)

(3) vs. (1) (5)

(4) vs. (1) (5)

(5) vs. (1) (2) (3) (4)

Drainage loss (ml)

800 (700 to 900)

800 (800 to 900)

900 (850 to 1000)

900 (745 to 941)

1000 (773 to 1205)

P =0.02

(1) vs. (3) (5)

(2) vs. (3) (5)

(3) vs. (1) (2)

(5) vs. (1) (2)

Blood products (unit)

1 (0 to 2)

2 (1 to 2)

2 (2 to 3)

2 (2 to 4)

7 (6 to 9)

P <0.001

(1) vs. (2) (3) (4) (5)

(2) vs. (1) (3) (5)

(3) vs. (1) (2) (5)

(4) vs. (1) (5)

(5) vs. (1) (2) (3) (4)

MAP POP (mmHg)

76.5 (73.8 to 77.7)

74.4 (73.7 to 75.1)

73.6 (72.4 to 75.1)

76.4 (75.3 to 78.3)

74.0 (71.4 to 75.9)

P =0.02

(1) vs. (2) (3) (5)

(2) vs. (1)

(3) vs. (1) (4)

(4) vs. (3)

(5) vs. (1)

CVP POP (mmHg)

13.9 (13.2 to 14.7)

14.4 (14.0 to 14.8)

15.2 (14.9 to 15.9)

15.6 (14.6 to 16.1)

16.9 (15.6 to 18.0)

P <0.001

(1) vs. (3) (4) (5)

(2) vs. (3) (4) (5)

(3) vs. (1) (2) (5)

(4) vs. (1) (2)

(5) vs. (1) (2) (3)

RPP POP (mmHg)

62.4 (60.0 to 65.1)

60.1 (59.5 to 61.3)

57.9 (56.8 to 59.6)

60.6 (58.3 to 63.4)

57.8 (53.6 to 59.5)

P <0.001

(1) vs. (3) (5)

(2) vs. (3) (5)

(3) vs. (1) (2)

(4) vs. (5)

(5) vs. (1) (2) (4)

Dobutamine - POP

     

P <0.001

 

0

39 (41.5%)

108 (37.6%)

26 (13.3%)

12 (26.7%)

14 (26.4%)

<15 mg/h

28 (29.8%)

94 (32.8%)

32 (16.4%)

14 (31.1%)

16 (30.2%)

15 - 30 mg/h

23 (24.5%)

72 (25.1%)

41 (21%)

17 (37.8%)

12 (22.6%)

>30 mg/h

4 (4.2%)

14 (4.9%)

6 (3.1%)

2 (4.4%)

11 (20.8%)

Noradrenaline - POP

     

P <0.001

 

0

18 (19.1%)

57 (19.9%)

9 (4.6%)

3 (6.7%)

3 (5.7%)

<0.3 mg/h

50 (53.2%)

136 (47.4%)

44 (22.6%)

23 (51.1%)

9 (17%)

0.3 - 0.6 mg/h

18 (19.1%)

68 (23.7%)

33 (16.9%)

13 (28.9%)

9 (17%)

>0.6 mg/h

8 (8.5%)

26 (9.1%)

19 (9.7%)

6 (13.3%)

32 (60.4%)

AKI stage

     

P <0.001

 

0

78 (83%)

212 (73.9%)

75 (71.5%)

34 (75.5%)

20 (37.7%)

 

1

8 (8.5%)

45 (15.7%)

18 (17,1%)

8 (17.8%)

6 (11.3%)

2

1 (1.1%)

5 (1.7%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1 (1.9%)

3

7 (7.4%)

25 (8.7%)

12 (11.4%)

3 (6.7%)

26 (49.1%)

  1. Differences in variables strongly associated with acute kidney injury in univariate analysis in groups of cardiac surgical patients stratified according to the times of first extubation after surgery. Data are given as median and 95% confidence interval of the median or absolute numbers with percentages in parenthesis. ScO2ox: preoperative oxygen-supplemented cerebral oxygen saturation determined by near-infrared spectroscopy. eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate by the Modifications of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula; POP: postoperative; MAP: average mean arterial pressure within 8 h after surgery; CVP: average central venous pressure within 8 h after surgery; RPP: average renal perfusion pressure (MAP - CVP) within 8 h after surgery; AKI: acute kidney injury. Kruskal-Wallis and chi-square test.
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