Table 1 Characteristics of the studies included in the systematic review

Kaufmann 1997 [9]

Prospective

ISS 12.3^b

69/1

40.0^b

41 (59.4%)

TEG® - 37°C

None

1994 - 1995

Whole blood

Celite activated

Watts 1998 [10]

Prospective

ISS 16.6^b

112/1

36.4^b

76 (68.0%)

TEG® - patient’s T

None

1996 - 1997

Citrated blood recalcified

Schreiber 2005 [11]

Prospective

ISS 23.0^a

65/1

42.0^b

45 (69.0%)

TEG® - 37°C

None

Years not reported

Whole blood

Kaolin activated

Rugeri 2007 [12]

Prospective

ISS 22.0^a

88/1

34.0^b

68 (77.2%).

ROTEM® - 37°C

None

2004

Citrate blood, recalcified

Ellagic acid and TF

Nekludov 2007 [13]

Prospective

ISS TBI: 33.0^a

47/1

TBI: 42.0^a

19 (95.0%)

TEG® - 37°C

None

ISS general: 46.0^a 2006

Trauma: 36.0^a

Citrated blood, recalcified

Kaolin added

Levrat 2008 [14]

Prospective

ISS HF: 38.0^a

87/1

HF: 29.0^a

HF: 64 (78.0%)

ROTEM® - 37°C

None

ISS non HF: 20.0^a

No HF: 30.0^a

No HF: 4 (80.0%)

Citrated blood, recalcified

2004

Ellagic acid or TF

Park 2008 [57]

Prospective

ISS 23.0^b

58/1

47.0^b

44 (76%)

TEG® - patient’s T

None

2004-2005

Citrated blood, recalcified

Added TF

Plotkin 2008 [15]

Retrospective

ISS 21.0^b

44/1

Not reported

Not reported

TEG® - patient’s T

None

2004

Fresh blood

Celite 1% added

Carroll 2009 [16]

Prospective

ISS 20.0^a

161/1

42.0^a

118 (73.0%)

TEG® - patient’s T

None

Years not reported

Citrated blood

Heparinized for PM

Jeger 2009 [17]

Prospective

ISS 29.0^a

20/1

48.0^a

13 (65.0%).

r-TEG® and TEG® - 37°C

None

Years not reported

Fresh blood

TF added

Kashuk 2009 [49]

Retrospective

ISS 29.0^a

44/1

38.9^b

32 (69.6%)

r-TEG® - 37°C

None

2008

Citrated and non-citrated

r-TEG® solution

Kashuk 2009 [18]

Retrospective

ISS Hypercoagulable: 26^b

ISS Normal: 24.0^b

152/1

Hypercoagulable: 45.0^a

Normal group: 38.0^a

107 (70.5%)

r-TEG® - patient’s T Whole blood

None

Years not reported

Added Kaolin and TF

Park 2009 [19]

Prospective

ISS burn: 18.1^b

78/1

Burn: 56.0^b

Burn: 18 (72.0%)

TEG® - patient’s T

None

ISS non burn: 21.7^b 2004 – 2005

Nonburn: 43.0^b Controls: 37.3^b

Nonburn: 26 (78.0%)

Control: 11 (55.0%)

Fresh blood TF added

Schöchl 2009 [58]

Prospective

ISS 42.0^b

33/1

45.0^a

22 (67.0%).

ROTEM® - 37°C

None

2003 - 2007

Citrated blood, recalcified

TF added

Doran 2010 [20]

Prospective

ISS MT: 35.0^a

25/1

21.0^a

25 (100.0%)

ROTEM® - 37°C

None

ISS non MT: 20.0^a

Citrated blood, recalcified

2009

Kashuk 2010 [21]

Retrospective

ISS MT: 32.5^a

61/1

34.2^b

Not reported

r-TEG® - patient’s T

None

ISS ModT: 29.0^a

Fresh whole blood

ISS MinT: 34.0^a

r-TEG® solution

Years not reported

Leemann 2010 [22]

Retrospective

ISS 31.1^b

53/1

39.6^b

40 (75.5%)

ROTEM® - 37°C

None

2006

Citrated blood, recalcified

Ellagic acid or TF

Schöchl 2010 [59]

Retrospective

ISS 38.0^b

131/1

46.0^b

96 (73.0%)

ROTEM® - 37°C

ROTEM® FC and PCC guided therapy

2005 - 2009

Citrated blood, recalcified

Calcium chloride added

Schöchl 2011 [23]

Retrospective

ISS survivors: 20.0^a

88/1

47.0^a

67 (76.0%)

ROTEM® - T not reported

None

ISS nonsurvivors: 29.0^a

Citrated blood, recalcified

2005 - 2010

TF, Kaolin, Cytochalasin

Watters 2010 [24]

Prospective

ISS surgery: 35.3^b

80/1

Surgery: 41.1^b

59 (73.7%)

TEG® - T not reported

None

ISS control: 21.2^b

Controls: 33.7^b

No further details reported

Years not reported

Cotton 2011 [25]

Prospective

ISS 14.0^a

272/1

34.0^a

201 (74.0%)

r-TEG® - T not reported

None

2009 - 2010

Citrated blood

CaCl², Kaolin and TF added

Davenport 2011 [26]

Prospective

ISS 12.0^a

300/1

33.0^a

246 (82.0%)

ROTEM® - 37°C

None

2007 - 2009

Citrated blood, recalcified

TF added

Davenport 2011 [50]

Prospective

ISS 29.0^a

50/1

42.0^a

41 (82.0%)

ROTEM® - 37°C

None

2007 - 2009

Citrated blood, recalcified

TF added

Differding 2011 [27]

Prospective

ISS 20.0^a

46/1

Patients: 48.0^a

23 (50.0%)

TEG® - 38, 36, 34, 32°C

None

Years not reported

Controls: 38.0^a

Citrated blood, recalcified

Kaolin solution added

Jansen 2013 [28]

Prospective

ISS 19.0^a

10/1

Not reported

Not reported

ROTEM® - 37°C

None

2010

Citrated blood, recalcified

TF, Cytochalasin

Nystrup 2011 [29]

Retrospective

ISS 21.0^b

89/1

39.0^b

59 (66.0%)

TEG® - T not reported

None

2006 - 2007

Citrated blood

No further technical details

Ostrowski 2011 [30]

Prospective

ISS 5–36

80/1

48.0^b

54 (67.6%)

TEG® - 37°C

None

2010

Citrated blood

No further details reported

Schöchl 2011 [51]

Retrospective

FC-PCC group: 35.5^b

681/2

FC-PCC: 37.3^b

505 (74.1%)

ROTEM® - T not reported

PCC and FC guided by ROTEM® . Comparison with standard FFP transfusion

FFP group: 35.2^b

FFP: 39.0^b

No technical details reported

2006 - 2009

Schöchl 2011 [31]

Retrospective

MT group: 27.0^a

323/1

44.0^a

255 (78.9%)

ROTEM® - T not reported

None

Non MT group: 42.0^a

Citrated blood, recalcified

2005 - 2010

Kaolin, TF, Cytochalasin

Tauber 2011 [32]

Prospective

ISS 34.0^a

334/1

43.0^a

260 (77.8%)

ROTEM® - T not reported

FFP, PLT, FC and PCC guided by ROTEM® .

2005 - 2008

No further technical details

Theusinger 2011 [60]

Retrospective

ISS trauma HF: 55^b

35/1

55.0^b

26 (74.2%)

ROTEM® - T not reported

None

Non trauma HF: 43^b

No further technical details

2008 - 2010

Cotton 2012 [33]

Prospective

ISS HF: 25.0^a

1996/1

HF group: 29.0^a

HF: 27 (67.0%)

r-TEG® - 37°C

None

ISS non HF: 16.0^a

No HF: 33.0^a

Non HF: 1466 (75.0%)

Citrated blood, recalcified

2009 - 2010

Kaolin and TF added

Cotton 2012 [34]

Retrospective

ISS PE: 31.0^a

2067/1

PE: 41.0^a

PE group: 36 (69.0%)

r-TEG® - T not reported

None

ISS no PE: 19.0^a

No PE: 33.^0a

No PE: 1530 (76%)

Citrated blood

2009 – 2011

Na Chloride, TF, Kaolin

Davis 2013 [61]

Prospective

ISS 25.0^a

50/2

48.5^a

36 (72.0%)

TEG® . TEG® -PM - 37°C

Activation solution added Heparinized blood

None

Years not reported

ADP, AA and Kaolin

Holcomb 2012 [35]

Retrospective

ISS 17.0^a

1974/1

33.0^a

1480 (75.0%)

r-TEG® - T not reported

None

2009 - 2011

Citrated blood

CaCl², kaolin and TF added

Ives 2012 [36]

Prospective

ISS dead: 26.4^a

118/1

Dead: 34.8^b

91 (77.1%)

TEG® , T not reported

None

ISS alive: 14.8^a

Alive: 36.7^b

Citrated blood

2010 - 2011

Kaolin and CaCl² added

Jeger 2012 [52]

Prospective

ISS 18.0^b

76/1

49.0^b

55 (72.0%)

r-TEG® - 37°C

Physicians blinded to TEG® Transfusion guided clinically and with RSCT results.

2009 - 2010

TF, Kaolin added

Citrated blood, recalcified

Kashuk 2012 [37]

Before and after study

ISS 0–25: 9%

68/1

r-TEG® : 33.3^b

r-TEG® : 29 (85.0%)

r-TEG® - patient’s T

TEG® guided resuscitation implemented and compared with the pre TEG® period

ISS 26–35: 29%

TEG® : 40.5^b

TEG® : 25(74.0%)

Fresh blood

ISS ≥ 36: 62%

Kaolin, TF, stabilizers added

Over 7 months

Years not reported

Kunio 2012 [62]

Prospective

ISS 21.0^a

69/1

46.0^a

56 (81.2%)

TEG® - T not reported

None

2010 - 2011

Fresh whole blood non Citrated and Kaolin activated

Kutcher 2012 [38]

Prospective

ISS 22.0^b

115/1

40.8^b

Not reported

ROTEM® - 37°C

None

2011 - 2012

Citrated whole blood

TF and aprotinin added

Nascimento 2012 [39]

Retrospective

ISS 26.0^b

219/1

39.0^b

154 (69.0%)

TEG® - 37°C

None

2007

Citrated blood

Kaolin, stabilizers added

Ostrowski 2012 [53]

Prospective

ISS heparinized: 31.0^a

77/1

Heparin:

53 (68.8%)

TEG® - 37°C

None

ISS non heparin: 17.0^a

74.0^a

Citrated whole blood

2010

Noneparin:

Kaolin TEG® , heparinase TEG®

44.0^a

Pezold 2012 [54]

Retrospective

ISS 29.0^b

80/1

34.0^b

65 (81.0%)

r- TEG® - 37°C

None

2008 - 2010

Fresh whole blood

Kaolin and TF added

Raza 2013 [55]

Prospective

ISS 10.0^a

288/1

37.0^a

236 (81.9%)

ROTEM® - 37°C

None

2007 - 2009

Citrated blood, added TF Antifibrinolytic, CaCl² or Aprotinin

Rourke 2012 [40]

Prospective

ISS 34.0^a

517/2

36.0^a

405 (78.0%)

ROTEM® - 37°C

Pre-fixed MTP, including administration of RBC, FFP, PLT, CRYO and FC and ex vivo FC

2008 - 2010

Citrated blood

Recalcified

Wohlauer 2012 [41]

Prospective

ISS 19.0^b

51/2

44.0^b

32 (63.0%)

TEG® - 37°C

None

Years nor reported

Citrated whole blood

Kaolin TEG® , AA and ADP TEG® -PM

Woolley 2013 [42]

Prospective

ISS not reported

48/1

24.0^a

Not reported

ROTEM® - T not reported

None

2009

Citrated blood, recalcified

Added TF, Cytochalasin

Chapman 2013 [43]

Prospective

Non TEG® : 18.3^a

304/1

Non TEG® : 35.1^a

Non TEG® : 168 (64.0%)

r-TEG® - patient’s T

None

TEG® : 33.2^a

TEG® : 37.7^a

TEG® : 29 (69.0%)

Fresh whole blood

2009 - 2012

Kaolin and TF added

Chapman 2013 [56]

Prospective

ISS 30.0^a

289/1

43.0^b

196 (68.0%)

TEG® - T not reported

None

2010 - 2012

Citrated blood, recalcified

Kaolin, stabilizers added

Harr 2013 [44]

Prospective

ISS 23.5^a

68/1

38.0^b

45 (66.0%)

TEG® - 37°C

None

Citrated blood, recalcified

Kaolin, stabilizers added

Johansson 2013 [45]

Prospective

ISS 17.0^b

182/1

43.0^b

136 (75.0%)

TEG® - 37°C

MTP (1:1:1 ratio) initially and guided by TEG® thereafter. Also TXA, CRYO and FC administered.

2010 - 2011

Citrated blood, recalcified

Kaolin and TF activated and Functional fibrinogen test

Lee 2013 [46]

Prospective

ISS 17.0^b 2010 - 2012

190/1

43.0^b

136 (71.6%)

TEG® , r-TEG® - T not reported

None

Citrated blood, recalcified

Kaolin and TF activated

Tapia 2013 [63]

Before and after study

ISS 25.0^b

289/1

35.0^b

251 (86.8%)

TEG® - 37°C

TEG® guided resuscitation pre MTP and guided by MTP without TEG® thereafter

2008 - 2010

Whole blood

Celite activated

Kornblith 2014 [47]

Prospective

ISS 9.0^a

251/1

35.0^a

202 (80.7%)

TEG® - 37°C

None

Years not reported

Citrated blood, recalcified

Kaolin and TF activated and functional fibrinogen test

Branco 2014 [48]

Prospective

ISS 1 - 51

118/1

36.9^b

97 (77.1%)

TEG® - T not reported

None

2011

Citrated blood, recalcified

Kaolin added