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Table 1 Main characteristics of the five RCTs included in the meta-analysis

From: Sodium bicarbonate in the prevention of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Study ID

Number of patients (SBIC/control)

Population

Surgery type

Intervention of SBIC

Definition of CSA-AKI

Haase and colleagues [3]

50/50

>18 years/at risk of postoperative acute renal dysfunction

Elective or urgent cardiac surgery; CPB

SBIC: 0.5 mmol/kg BW (bolus) 1 hour after the induction of anesthesia; continuous infusion of 0.15 mmol/kg/hour over 23 hours, IV

sCr criteriaa within the first 5 days after CPB

Del Duca and colleagues [2]

55/55

>18 years/ stable CKD

Nonemergency cardiac surgery; CPB

SBIC: 150 mEq, at 1 ml/hour for 6 hours prior to CPB, IV

sCr criteria within the first 5 days after CPB

Haase and colleagues [4]

174/176

>18 years/pre-existing renal impairment

Elective or urgent cardiac surgery; CPB

SBIC: 0.5 mmol/kg BW (bolus) 1 hour after the induction of anesthesia; continuous infusion of 0.2 mmol/kg/hour over 23 hours, IV

Acute Kidney Injury Network criteriab within 5 days after surgery

Kristeller and colleagues [5]

44/48

>18 years/ stage 3 or higher CKD or GFR <60 ml/minute/1.73 m2

Elective or urgent cardiac surgery; CPB

SBIC: 150 mEq, at 3 ml/kg/hour from 1 hour preoperatively to the patients starting on CPB, IV; continuous infusion of 1 ml/kg/hour during and for 6 hours after CPB, IV

sCr criteria within the first 5 postoperative days

McGuinness and colleagues [6]

215/212

>18 years/ at risk of AKI or pre-existing renal impairment

Elective cardiac surgery; CPB

SBIC: 0.5 mmol/kg BW (=bolus) over 1 hour after the induction of anesthesia; continuous infusion of 0.2 mmol/kg/hour over 23 hours, IV

sCr criteria within the first 5 postoperative days

  1. AKI, acute kidney injury; BW, body weight; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; CSA-AKI, cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; IV, intravenous injection; RCT, randomized controlled trial; SBIC, sodium bicarbonate; sCr, serum creatinine. asCr criteria: an increase in sCr >25% or 0.5 mg/dl from baseline to peak value at any time. bAcute Kidney Injury Network criteria: an absolute increase in sCr -0.3 mg/dl (26.4 μmol/l) or 50% (1.5-fold from baseline)/a reduction in urine output (<0.5 ml/kg per hour for more than 6 hours).