Table 3 Structure of rounds/handovers, nighttime pattern of physician cover, and intensivist characteristics and acute hospital mortality

Number of ICU beds (per five additional beds)

0.99

0.98

(0.95, 1.02)

(0.93, 1.02)

Absolute number of rounds per week (per seven additional rounds)

0.99

1.00

(0.92, 1.05)

(0.93, 1.06)

Absolute number of handovers in 24 hours (per additional handover)

1.03

1.03

(0.95, 1.12)

(0.94, 1.12)

Intensivist participation in handover rounds (versus no intensivist participation)

Weekdays only

1.29

1.33

(1.04, 1.59)

(1.07, 1.65)

Weekdays and weekends

1.24

1.27

(1.02, 1.52)

(1.04, 1.56)

Maximum continuous days intensivist cover (per additional day)

1.01

1.02

(0.99, 1.03)

(1.00, 1.04)

Nighttime cover pattern (versus specialty registrar (dedicated); intensivist exclusively on call)

Intensivist

0.98

0.96

(0.77, 1.26)

(0.76, 1.21)

Specialty registrar (dedicated); intensivist not exclusively on call

0.98

0.91

(0.82, 1.16)

(0.75, 1.10)

Specialty registrar (cross-cover); intensivist exclusively on call

1.05

1.02

(0.92, 1.19)

(0.90, 1.16)

Specialty registrar (cross-cover); intensivist not exclusively on call

1.03

1.01

(0.91, 1.15)

(0.88, 1.17)

Senior or junior medical officer; Intensivist exclusively on call

1.01

0.99

(0.88, 1.17)

(0.86, 1.15)

Senior or junior medical officer; intensivist not exclusively on call

1.16

1.05

(0.88, 1.54)

(0.78, 1.41)

Full-time equivalent (FTE) intensivists per bed (per additional 0.25 FTE)

1.00

0.99

(0.97, 1.02)

(0.96, 1.03)

Clinical experience of intensivists weighted by FTE (per additional year)

0.98

0.98

(0.96, 1.01)

(0.96, 1.01)

Age (per 10 years)

-

1.39

(1.37, 1.41)

Location before admission (versus Emergency Department)

Clinic or home

-

0.97

(0.81, 1.16)

Other critical care unit

-

1.27

(1.16, 1.38)

Theater (elective/scheduled surgery)

-

0.29

(0.23, 0.35)

Theater (emergency/urgent surgery)

-

0.62

(0.51, 0.75)

Ward or intermediate-care area

-

1.60

(1.52, 1.69)

CPR within 24 hours before dmission

-

2.55

(2.35, 2.77)

ICNARC Physiology Score (per 5 points)

-

1.88

(1.86, 1.91)

Primary reason for admission (versus Respiratory)

Cardiovascular (nonsurgical)

-

0.85

(0.79, 0.92)

Cardiovascular (surgical)

-

1.20

(0.98, 1.47)

Dermatologic (nonsurgical)

-

0.92

(0.73, 1.16)

Dermatologic (surgical)

-

1.03

(0.70, 1.50)

Endocrine (nonsurgical)

-

0.45

(0.40, 0.50)

Endocrine (surgical)

-

0.84

(0.56, 1.27)

Gastrointestinal (nonsurgical)

-

0.98

(0.90, 1.06)

Gastrointestinal (surgical)

-

1.27

(1.05, 1.53)

Genitourinary (nonsurgical)

-

0.52

(0.48, 0.57)

Genitourinary (surgical)

-

0.73

(0.56, 0.94)

Hematologic/immunologic (nonsurgical)

-

1.53

(0.28, 1.82)

Hematologic/immunologic (surgical)

-

1.87

(0.84, 4.19)

Musculoskeletal (nonsurgical)

-

0.88

(0.72, 1.07)

Musculoskeletal (surgical)

-

1.13

(0.89, 1.44)

Neurologic (nonsurgical)

-

1.78

(1.65, 1.92)

Neurologic (surgical)

-

2.34

(1.86, 2.94)