Table 1 Randomized controlled trials of bundled goal-directed therapy

Rivers et al. 2001, USA [2]

+

500 ml crystalloid bolus every 30 minutes (CVP 8–12 mmHg)

6 h:

3.5 ± 2.4

5.0 ± 3.0

7–72 h:

10.6 ± 6.2

8.6 ± 5.2

Lin et al. 2006, Taiwan [23]

+

500 ml crystalloid bolus every 30 minutes (CVP 8–12 mmHg)

Total:

5.0 ± 2.9

5.2 ± 4.0

GDT Collaborative Group of Zhejiang Province 2010, China [22]

-

500 ml crystalloid bolus every 30 minutes (CVP 8–12 mmHg)

Quantified but not reported

ProCESS 2014, USA [24]

++

500 ml crystalloid bolus every 30 minutes (CVP 8–12 mmHg)

6 h:

2.3 ± 1.9

2.8 ± 2.0