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Table 2 Pediatric studies of the microcirculation using OPS or SDF imaging

From: The microcirculation of the critically ill pediatric patient

Author [ref]

Year

Age range

n

SDF/OPS

Site

Outcome

Genzel-Boroviczeny et al. [53]

2002

Preterm and term, 1-5 days

28

OPS

Skin

Feasibility study: RBC velocity increased from day 1-5 in premature neonates and correlated with decrease in hemoglobin

Genzel-Boroviczeny et al. [54]

2004

Preterm, 19-39 days

13

OPS

Skin

FCD improved 2 hours and 24 hours after blood transfusion

Kroth et al. [55]

2008

Preterm, 0-30 days

25

OPS

Skin

FCD decreased significantly over the first month of life

Top et al. [57]

2009

Term, 0-18 days

14

OPS

Buccal mucosa

FCD was reduced in neonates with severe respiratory failure and improved following use of veno-arterial extracorporeal

      

membrane oxygenation

Weidlich et al. [58]

2009

Preterm, 0-30 days

10

OPS

Skin

FCD decreased 1 day before clinical signs of infection appeared

Hiedl et al. [56]

2010

Preterm, 3-8 days

25

SDF

 

Patients with persistent ductus arteriosus had reduced FCD, which improved after treatment

Top et al. [49]

2010

0-3 years

45

OPS

Buccal mucosa

FCD of the buccal mucosa decreased after the first week of life

Top et al. [59]

2010

0-15 years

21

OPS

Buccal mucosa

Persistence of depressed FCD was associated with a worse outcome in children with septic shock

Top et al. [60]

2010

0-3 years

8

OPS

Buccal mucosa

Inhaled NO improves the systemic microcirculation in children with hypoxemic respiratory failure

  1. OPS: orthogonal polarization spectral imaging; FCD: functional capillary density; RBC: red blood cell; SDF: sidestream darkfield.