Antibiotics or probiotics as preventive measures against ventilator-associated pneumonia: a literature review

Table 3 Randomized controlled trials of probiotic therapy^a

Author	n	VAP incidence (versus control) - %	P-value	Mortality (versus control) - %	P-value
Kotzampassi^b [35]	134	54 vs. 80%	0.03	14 vs. 30%	NS
Spindler-Vesel^b [36]	113	15 vs. 39%	0.03	8 vs. 6%	NS
Forestier^c [37]	236	24 vs. 23%	NS	-	-
Klarin^b [38]	50	4 vs. 14%	NS	22 vs. 19%	NS
Knight^b [39]	259	9 vs. 13%	NS	27 vs. 33%	NS
Morrow^d [40]	146	19 vs. 40%	0.007	18 vs. 21%	NS
Oudhuis^b,e [41]	348	15 vs. 21%	NS	26 vs. 26%	NS
Barraud^b [42]	167	26 vs. 19%	NS	25 vs. 24%	NS

^aTrials reporting incidence rates of pneumonia. ^bAdministration of probiotics in the intestines. ^cAdministration probiotics in the mouth. ^dAdministration probiotics in the mouth and in the intestines. ^eProbiotic therapy was compared with selective decontamination of the digestive tract. VAP, ventilator-associated pneumonia; NS, not significant; -, no data available.

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