Table 2 Patient cohort characteristics

Demographics

   Age, years

   Female sex, n (%)

Medical history

   Diabetes, n (%)

   Hypertension, n (%)

   Chronic lung disease, n (%)

   Extracardiac arteriopathy, n (%)

   History of renal failure, n (%)

Baseline renal function

   Baseline serum creatinine, mg/dL

   Patients with baseline serum creatinine >2.0 mg/dL, n (%)

   Baseline eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m²

   Baseline eGFR >60 mL/min/1.73 m², n (%)

   Baseline eGFR 31 to 60 mL/min/1.73 m², n (%)

   Baseline eGFR ≤30 mL/min/1.73 m², n (%)

Preoperative cardiac status

   Prior cardiac surgery, n (%)

   LVEF >60%, n (%)

   LVEF 41-60%, n (%)

   LVEF 21-40, n (%)

   LVEF ≤20%, n (%)

   LVEF (missing value), n (%)

   History of Myocardial infarction, n (%)

   Congestive heart failure, n (%)

   NYHA functional class IV, n (%)

   Cardiogenic shock, n (%)

   Preoperative IABP, n (%)

   Preop on inotropes, n (%)

Operative details

   CABG only, n (%)

   CABG & Valve only, n (%)

   Valve surgery, n (%)

   Other/Combined surgery, n (%)

   Elective surgery, (%)

   Urgent surgery, n (%)

   Emergent surgery & rescue, n (%)

   CPB duration, minutes

   Cross-clamp time, minutes

   Patients with circulatory arrest, n (%)

Outcomes

   Intra/postop IABP, n (%)

   Intra/Postop ECMO or VAD, n (%)

   Revision for bleeding, n (%)

   Operative mortality, n (%)

   Hospital length of stay (alive), days