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Table 1 Description of the studies that used Plateliaℱ mannan (Mn) and anti-mannan (A-Mn) assay (in reverse chronological order)

From: The use of mannan antigen and anti-mannan antibodies in the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis: recommendations from the Third European Conference on Infections in Leukemia

 

First author, year of publication, country, type of study

Cutoff value of Mn and A-Mn, number of samples to declare positive

Underlying condition/risk factor for IC

Diagnostic criteria for Candidainfection (number of patients with different sites of IC)

No. of patients and no. of samples

No. (%) of patients with C. albicans

No. of control patients and samples

Type of control group

1

Verduyn Lunel et al., 2009, Netherlands, retrospective [31]

Mn ≄ 0.25 ng/ml

A-Mn ≄ 5 AU/ml

Single sample

Chemotherapy

Culture from a sterile site

21 and 242 divided into: neutropenic for less or more than 15 days: 10 and 11, respectively

12 (57%)

30 and 390

Patients with haematological malignancies

2

Ellis et al., 2009, UAE, prospective [26]

Mn ≄ 0.25 ng/ml; A-Mn ≄ 2.5 AU/ml

Two consecutive samples positive for both Mn and A-Mn

Haematological malignancies

IC EORTC

(5 candidemia and 7 hepatosplenic IC)

12 and 216

1

74

High-risk patients without IC (50 febrile neutropenia, 24 mould infection)

3

Sendid et al., 2008, France, retrospective [37]

Mn ≄ 0.5 ng/ml

A-Mn ≄ 10 AU/ml

Single sample

Mostly ICU and surgery, 14; haematological malignancy 2.

Candidemia

18 and 69

18 (100%)

None

-

4

Oliveri et al., 2008, Italy, ND [24]

Mn ≄ 0.5 ng/ml

Two samples

Neonatal ICU

Candidemia and probable IC defined as presence of sign and symptoms despite broad spectrum antibiotics + Candida colonisation

18 (12 candidemia and 6 probable IC) and 18

ND

52 and 52

Neonates from the same ward without IC

5

Alam et al., 2007, Kuwait, retrospective

[28]

Mn ≄ 0.5 ng/ml

A-Mn ≄ 10 AU/ml

Single sample

Mostly ICU; 2 haematological malignancies

Candidemia

27 and 32

18 (67%)

26 and 26

10 patients with vaginal candidiasis, 16 healthy controls (39 patients with clinically suspected IC were not considered as a control group)

6

Fujita et al., 2006, Japan, retrospective [29]

Mn ≄ 0.5 ng/ml

Single sample

Solid tumour, 69; haematological malignancy, 8; other, 28

Candidemia

105 and 251

49 (33%)

175 and 178

Febrile patients with or without bacteraemia

7

Prella et al., 2005, Switzerland, retrospective [25]

Mn ≄ 0.25 ng/ml

A-Mn ≄ 5 AU/ml

Two samples

Haematological malignancies

IC proven and probable according to EORTC

(12 candidemia, 14 hepatosplenic IC)

26 and ND

5 (19%)

25 and 163

Patients with haematological malignancy and noncandidal infection

8

White et al., 2005, UK, retrospective [32]

Mn ≄ 0.5 ng/ml

Single sample

Haematological malignancies, 14; other, 6

IC EORTC for haematological patients and culture or underlying condition + signs and symptoms + colonisation for nonhaematological

(2 proven, 13 probable hepatosplenic and 5 probable in non haematological)

20 and ND

ND

67 and ND

High-risk patients (not included 18 haematology patients with possible IC)

9

Sendid et al., 2004, France, retrospective [33]

Mn ≄ 0.5 ng/ml

Single sample

Mostly ICU and surgery, 21; haematological malignancy, 3; other, 2.

Signs and symptoms + culture (19 candidemia, other culture sites included BAL in 5, bronchial biopsy and pleural liquid in 1)

26 and 90

18 (69%)

118 and 148

70 healthy donors, 10 patients with IFD, 24 high risk patients, mostly ICU, 14 subjects with high rheumatoid factor titres

10

Sendid et al., 2003, France, retrospective [27]

Mn ≄ 0.5 ng/ml

A-Mn ≄ 10 AU/ml

Single sample

Haematological malignancies

Candidemia due to C. tropicalis

7 and 82

0

12 and 48

Febrile neutropenic patients without candidemia

11

Sendid et al., 2002, retrospective [17]

Mn ≄ 0.5 ng/ml

A-Mn ≄ 10 AU/ml

Single sample

Mostly ICU and surgery, 41; haematological malignancies, 10; other, 12

Signs and symptoms + culture (58 candidemia, 2 peritoneum cultures, 2 spleen cultures)

63 and 204

21 (33%) and

C. glabrata, 12; C. tropicalis, 10; C. parapsilosis, 10; C. krusei, 8

None

-

12

Persat et al., 2002, France, retrospective [34]

Mn ≄ 0.5 ng/ml

A-Mn ≄ 10 AU/ml

Single sample

Cancer, 7; haematological malignancy, 6; surgery, 2; other, 7

IC EORTC

22 and 22

14 (64%)

38 and 38

10 healthy individuals, 10 patients at risk but without IC, 18 with Candida colonisation

13

Yera et al., 2001, France, retrospective [18]

Mn ≄ 0.5 ng/ml

A-Mn ≄ 10 AU/ml

Single sample

ICU and surgery, 32; haematological malignancies, 11; other, 2

Candidemia

45 and 137

23 (51%)

None

-

14

Sendid et al., 1999, France, retrospective [16]

Mn ≄ 0.5 ng/ml

A-Mn ≄ 10 AU/ml

Single sample

ICU and surgery, 32; haematological malignancy, 1, other, 10

Signs and symptoms + culture from a sterile site (23 candidemia, 14 surgery drain cultures)

43 and 162

43 (100%)

150 and 230

98 healthy blood donors and 52 hospitalised patients without IC (of them 29 with IFD: 12 IA, 13 cryptococcosis and 4 PCP)

  1. UAE, United Arab Emirates; Ab, antibody; Ag, antigen; IC, invasive candidiasis; IA, invasive aspergillosis; IC, invasive candidiasis; ICU, intensive care unit; IFD, invasive fungal disease; ND, no data; PCP, Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia.