| First author, year of publication, country, type of study | Cutoff value of Mn and A-Mn, number of samples to declare positive | Underlying condition/risk factor for IC | Diagnostic criteria for Candidainfection (number of patients with different sites of IC) | No. of patients and no. of samples | No. (%) of patients with C. albicans | No. of control patients and samples | Type of control group |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Verduyn Lunel et al., 2009, Netherlands, retrospective [31] | Mn â„ 0.25 ng/ml A-Mn â„ 5 AU/ml Single sample | Chemotherapy | Culture from a sterile site | 21 and 242 divided into: neutropenic for less or more than 15 days: 10 and 11, respectively | 12 (57%) | 30 and 390 | Patients with haematological malignancies |
2 | Ellis et al., 2009, UAE, prospective [26] | Mn â„ 0.25 ng/ml; A-Mn â„ 2.5 AU/ml Two consecutive samples positive for both Mn and A-Mn | Haematological malignancies | IC EORTC (5 candidemia and 7 hepatosplenic IC) | 12 and 216 | 1 | 74 | High-risk patients without IC (50 febrile neutropenia, 24 mould infection) |
3 | Sendid et al., 2008, France, retrospective [37] | Mn â„ 0.5 ng/ml A-Mn â„ 10 AU/ml Single sample | Mostly ICU and surgery, 14; haematological malignancy 2. | Candidemia | 18 and 69 | 18 (100%) | None | - |
4 | Oliveri et al., 2008, Italy, ND [24] | Mn â„ 0.5 ng/ml Two samples | Neonatal ICU | Candidemia and probable IC defined as presence of sign and symptoms despite broad spectrum antibiotics + Candida colonisation | 18 (12 candidemia and 6 probable IC) and 18 | ND | 52 and 52 | Neonates from the same ward without IC |
5 | Alam et al., 2007, Kuwait, retrospective [28] | Mn â„ 0.5 ng/ml A-Mn â„ 10 AU/ml Single sample | Mostly ICU; 2 haematological malignancies | Candidemia | 27 and 32 | 18 (67%) | 26 and 26 | 10 patients with vaginal candidiasis, 16 healthy controls (39 patients with clinically suspected IC were not considered as a control group) |
6 | Fujita et al., 2006, Japan, retrospective [29] | Mn â„ 0.5 ng/ml Single sample | Solid tumour, 69; haematological malignancy, 8; other, 28 | Candidemia | 105 and 251 | 49 (33%) | 175 and 178 | Febrile patients with or without bacteraemia |
7 | Prella et al., 2005, Switzerland, retrospective [25] | Mn â„ 0.25 ng/ml A-Mn â„ 5 AU/ml Two samples | Haematological malignancies | IC proven and probable according to EORTC (12 candidemia, 14 hepatosplenic IC) | 26 and ND | 5 (19%) | 25 and 163 | Patients with haematological malignancy and noncandidal infection |
8 | White et al., 2005, UK, retrospective [32] | Mn â„ 0.5 ng/ml Single sample | Haematological malignancies, 14; other, 6 | IC EORTC for haematological patients and culture or underlying condition + signs and symptoms + colonisation for nonhaematological (2 proven, 13 probable hepatosplenic and 5 probable in non haematological) | 20 and ND | ND | 67 and ND | High-risk patients (not included 18 haematology patients with possible IC) |
9 | Sendid et al., 2004, France, retrospective [33] | Mn â„ 0.5 ng/ml Single sample | Mostly ICU and surgery, 21; haematological malignancy, 3; other, 2. | Signs and symptoms + culture (19 candidemia, other culture sites included BAL in 5, bronchial biopsy and pleural liquid in 1) | 26 and 90 | 18 (69%) | 118 and 148 | 70 healthy donors, 10 patients with IFD, 24 high risk patients, mostly ICU, 14 subjects with high rheumatoid factor titres |
10 | Sendid et al., 2003, France, retrospective [27] | Mn â„ 0.5 ng/ml A-Mn â„ 10 AU/ml Single sample | Haematological malignancies | Candidemia due to C. tropicalis | 7 and 82 | 0 | 12 and 48 | Febrile neutropenic patients without candidemia |
11 | Sendid et al., 2002, retrospective [17] | Mn â„ 0.5 ng/ml A-Mn â„ 10 AU/ml Single sample | Mostly ICU and surgery, 41; haematological malignancies, 10; other, 12 | Signs and symptoms + culture (58 candidemia, 2 peritoneum cultures, 2 spleen cultures) | 63 and 204 | 21 (33%) and C. glabrata, 12; C. tropicalis, 10; C. parapsilosis, 10; C. krusei, 8 | None | - |
12 | Persat et al., 2002, France, retrospective [34] | Mn â„ 0.5 ng/ml A-Mn â„ 10 AU/ml Single sample | Cancer, 7; haematological malignancy, 6; surgery, 2; other, 7 | IC EORTC | 22 and 22 | 14 (64%) | 38 and 38 | 10 healthy individuals, 10 patients at risk but without IC, 18 with Candida colonisation |
13 | Yera et al., 2001, France, retrospective [18] | Mn â„ 0.5 ng/ml A-Mn â„ 10 AU/ml Single sample | ICU and surgery, 32; haematological malignancies, 11; other, 2 | Candidemia | 45 and 137 | 23 (51%) | None | - |
14 | Sendid et al., 1999, France, retrospective [16] | Mn â„ 0.5 ng/ml A-Mn â„ 10 AU/ml Single sample | ICU and surgery, 32; haematological malignancy, 1, other, 10 | Signs and symptoms + culture from a sterile site (23 candidemia, 14 surgery drain cultures) | 43 and 162 | 43 (100%) | 150 and 230 | 98 healthy blood donors and 52 hospitalised patients without IC (of them 29 with IFD: 12 IA, 13 cryptococcosis and 4 PCP) |