From: Clinical aspects and cytokine response in severe H1N1 influenza A virus infection
Characteristics of patients | All patients with nvA(H1N1) infection (n= 32) | nvA(H1N1)-ARDS group (n= 21) | nvA(H1N1)-mild disease group (n= 11) | P valuea | ARDS bacterial sepsis group (n= 20) | P valueb |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 37 (30.7 to 52) | 42 (33.5 to 55.5) | 33 (18 to 35) | 0.009 | 57 (38.5 to 66) | 0.12 |
Sex ratio (male/female) | 16/16 | 9/12 | 7/4 | 0.4 | 8/12 | 1 |
Underlying disease | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Cardiovascular disease | 8 (25%) | 6/21 | 2/11 | 0.6 | 8/20 | 0.5 |
   Asthma/COPD | 10 (31.25%) | 8/21 | 2/11 | 0.4 | 12/20 | 0.2 |
   Obesity (BMI > 30) | 13 (40.6%) | 12/21 | 1/11 | 0.01 | 3/20 | 0.01 |
   Type 1 or 2 diabetes | 2 (6.3%) | 2/21 | 0 |  | 1/20 | 1 |
   Esquizophrenia | 3 (9.3%) | 3/21 | 0 |  | 0 |  |
   Cancer | 3 (9.3%) | 1/21 | 2/11 | 0.2 | 6/20 | 0.044 |
Pregnancy | 3 (9.3%) | 3/21 | 0 | Â | 0 | Â |
Interval between symptom onset and hospital admission (days) | 4.5 (2 to 7) | 6 (3.5 to 8.5) | 2 (2 to 3) | 0.001 | 2 (0 to 3) | 0.01 |
Presenting symptoms | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Fever > 38°C | 28 (87.5%) | 18/21 | 10/11 | 1 | 18/20 | 1 |
   Cough | 32 (100%) | 21/21 | 11/11 |  | 2/20 |  |
   Dyspnea | 25 (78%) | 21/21 | 4/11 |  | 20/20 |  |
   Myalgia | 24 (75%) | 14/21 | 10/11 | 0.2 | 0 |  |
SOFA score |  | 6.1 (± 3.29) |  |  | 7.2 (± 4.2) | 0.5 |
APACHE II score | 12.6 (± 6.62) | 15.14 (± 6.36) |  |  | 16.3 (± 6.03) | 0.5 |
Respiratory condition | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   SaO2 < 94% | 23 (71.8%) | 21/21 | 2/11 |  | 20/20 |  |
   PaO2:FiO2 ratio |  | 1.96 (± 0.83) | NA |  | 1.72 (± 0.68) | 0.28 |
   Mechanical ventilation | 11 (34.3%) | 11/21 | 0 |  | 12/20 | 0.7 |
   Non-invasive ventilation | 10 (31.3%) | 10/21 | 0 |  | 8/20 | 0.7 |
Initial chest X-ray scan | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Extensive bilateral multilobar infiltrates | 21 (65.6%) | 21/21 | 0 |  | 20/20 |  |
Complications | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Secondary bacterial pneumonia | 3 (9.4%) | 2/21 | 1/11 |  | 4/20 | 0.4 |
   Pneumothorax | 3 (9.4%) | 3/21 | 0 |  | 2/20 | 1 |
   Encephalitis | 1 (3.1%) | 1/21 | 0 |  | 0 |  |
   Acute renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy | 4 (12.5%) | 4/21 | 0 |  | 3/20 | 1 |
Length of hospital stay (days) | 10 (7 to 12.7) | 11 (10 to 14) | 6 (6 to 9) | < 0.001 | 18 (13 to 41) | 0.005 |
ICU length of stay (days) | 4.5 (1 to 7.5) | 7 (5 to 9) | 0 | Â | 16.5 (1 to 33) | 0.3 |
In-hospital death | 7 (21.8%) | 7/21 | 0 | Â | 3/20 | 0.2 |