Skip to main content

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study population

From: Effect of oral beta-blocker on short and long-term mortality in patients with acute respiratory failure: results from the BASEL-II-ICU study

 

All studied patients (n= 314)

In-hospital survivors (n= 263)

In-hospital non-survivors (n= 51)

P-value

One-year survivors (n= 183)

One-year non-survivors (n= 128)

P-value

Demography/Scores

       

Gender (male) - n (%))

181 (58)

147 (56)

34 (68)

0.15

100 (55)

78 (61)

0.27

Age (year)

70(62 to 78.75)

70(61 to 79)

73(63 to 76)

0.013

69(60 to 77)

74(64 to 80)

0.003

BMIa

25.8(22.6 to 30.8)

25.85(22.6 to 30.8)

25.8(22.5 to 28.4)

0.06

26.15(23.4 to 31.1)

25.3(21.2 to 29.1)

0.008

SAPSb II score

32(26 to 46)

32(24 to 45)

36 (31 to 46)

0.12

32(24 to 45)

44(30 to 44)

0.07

Hemodynamic parameters

       

Heart rate (bpm)

98(84 to 116)

97.5(83.75 to 115)

105(85 to 123)

0.16

98(83 to 116)

100(84 to 115.25)

0.8

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

127(111 to 148)

128(111 to 148)

127(111 to 139)

0.34

129.5(111 to 150)

126(112 to 143)

0.19

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

67(56 to 80)

67(57 to 80)

64(53 to 78)

0.17

70(59 to 82)

62(53 to 74.5)

0.006

Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)

85(73 to 100)

87(74 to 101)

85(73 to 96)

0.15

89(76.25 to 103)

83(71.5 to 95)

0.04

Left ventricular ejection fraction (%)c

55(35 to 60)

50(35 to 60)

60(35 to 65)

0.35

50(35 to 60)

60(43.5 to 63.75)

0.26

Atrial fibrillation- n (%)

50 (16)

37 (14)

13 (26)

0.04

22 (12)

28 (22)

0.02

Respiratory/metabolic parameters

       

Mechanical ventilation - n (%)

42 (13)

34 (13)

8 (16)

0.59

26 (14)

16 (13)

0.66

Non-invasive ventilation - n (%)

158 (50)

131 (59)

27 (53)

0.68

87 (48)

70 (55)

0.21

Breathing frequency (cpm)

24(19 to 30)

24(19 to 30)

25(20 to 30)

0.75

24(18 to 30)

25(20 to 30)

0.38

PaO2/FiO2

161(101 to 240)

169(101 to 239)

144 (92 to 216)

0.20

169 (99 to 248)

152(100 to 228)

0.41

PaCO2 (kPa)

5.9(4.9 to 7.8)

5.9(5 to 7.8)

5.8(4.8 to 8.2)

0.33

5.9(5 to 7.5)

6.05(4.8 to 8.4)

0.34

Laboratory parameters

       

Hemoglobin (g/l)

118(101 to 141)

120(102 to 142)

108(97 to 128)

0.04

121(101 to 145)

114(100 to 134)

0.013

Uric acid (μmol/l)

381(275.5 to 502)

370(274 to 494.5)

412(311 to 521)

0.31

362(278 to 470.5)

397(273 to 557)

0.10

eGFR MDRDd (mL/min/1.73 m2)

69(46 to 99)

71.5(46 to 102)

56(45 to 88)

0.04

72(49 to 102.75)

60.5(41.75 to 95)

0.08

Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dl)

21(13 to 33)

19(12 to 31)

26(18 to 38)

0.04

19(12 to 28)

24(14 to 39.5)

0.01

Comorbidities to n (%)

       

History of heart failure

85 (27)

71 (27)

14 (28)

0.94

48 (26)

37 (29)

0.60

History of coronary artery disease

119 (38)

95 (36)

24 (47)

0.14

61 (33)

58 (45)

0.03*

Hystory of hypertension

165 (53)

114 (55)

21 (41)

0.075

99 (54)

65 (51)

0.56

Hystory of COPDe

123 (39)

105 (40)

18 (35)

0.53

69 (38)

54 (42)

0.42

History of malignancy

61 (19)

41 (16)

20 (39)

< 0.0001

21 (12)

39 (31)

< 0.0001

Etiology of respiratoy failure- n (%)

       

Heart failure (HF) alone

101 (32)

86 (33)

15 (30)

0.64

67 (37)

34 (27)

0.06

HF + any additional diagnosis

75 (24)

61 (23)

14 (28)

0.51

40 (22)

35 (27)

0.26

   HF + pneumonia

42 (14)

32 (12)

10 (20)

0.15

16 (9)

26 (20)

0.003

   HF + AECOPDf

20 (6)

18 (7)

2 (4)

0.44

17 (9)

3 (2)

0.014

   HF + other diagnosis

13 (4)

11 (4)

2 (4)

0.93

7 (3)

6 (5)

0.71

Pneumonia

50 (16)

38 (15)

12 (24)

0.11

27 (15)

22 (17)

0.57

AECOPD

30 (10)

26 (10)

4 (8)

0.66

15 (8)

15 (12)

0.31

Pneumonia + AECOPD

11 (3.5)

10 (4)

1 (2)

0.52

5 (3)

6 (5)

0.36

Pulmonary embolism

15 (5)

14 (5)

1 (2)

0.31

8 (4)

6 (5)

0.90

Unknown cause

4 (1)

4 (1.5)

0 (0)

0.38

1 (1)

2 (1)

0.37

Other cause

28 (9)

24 (9)

4 (8)

0.77

20 (11)

8 (6)

0.16

Admission medication - n (%)

       

Diuretics

135 (52)

117 (53)

18 (47)

0.52

84 (56)

49 (46)

0.12

Nitrates

29 (11)

27 (12)

2 (5)

0.19

22 (15)

7 (7)

0.04

ACEi/ARBg

144 (46)

126 (48)

18 (35)

0.09

91 (50)

50 (39)

0.06

Beta-blocker

101 (32)

94 (36)

7 (14)

0.001

81 (44)

20 (16)

< 0.0001

Statins

80 (31)

67 (30)

13 (33)

0.69

54 (36)

26 (24)

0.05

Aspirin/Clopidogrel

102 (39)

86 (39)

16 (41)

0.80

67 (44)

35 (33)

0.07

Calcium-antagonists

43 (17)

36 (16)

7 (18)

0.79

25 (17)

18 (17)

0.92

Coumarines

86 (33)

77 (35)

9 (23)

0.15

46 (31)

39 (37)

0.31

Beta-mimetics

94 (36)

78 (35)

16 (41)

0.48

49 (33)

44 (41)

0.15

Oral steroids

45 (17)

38 (17)

7 (18)

0.89

28 (19)

16 (15)

0.45

Discharge medication - n (%)

       

Diuretics

130 (41)

-

-

-

86 (47)

44 (34)

0.12

Nitrates

39 (13)

-

-

-

23 (13)

16 (13)

0.966

ACEi/ARB

160 (51)

-

-

-

121 (66)

38 (30)

0.010

Beta-blocker

119 (38)

-

-

-

84 (46)

34 (27)

< 0.001

Statins

77 (25)

-

-

-

56 (31)

20 (16)

0.001

Aspirin/Clopidogrel

91 (29)

-

-

-

61 (33)

29 (23)

0.024

Calcium-antagonists

30 (10)

-

-

-

22 (12)

8 (6)

0.057

Coumarines

104 (33)

-

-

-

67 (37)

36 (28)

0.075

Beta-mimetics

89 (28)

-

-

-

55 (30)

32 (25)

0.272

Oral steroids

41 (13)

-

-

-

20 (11)

21 (16)

0.156

  1. a BMI, body mass index (mass (kg)/height (m)2); b SAPS 2, Simplified Acute Physiology Score [45]; c measured by echocardiography in 128 patients; d estimated glomerular filtration rate using Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula [46]; e COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; f AECOPD, acute exacerbation of COPD; g ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker
  2. Values are displayed as median (interquartile range) or number of patients (%).