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Table 1 Comparison of patients with normal and elevated cardiac troponin I (cTnI)

From: Elevation of cardiac troponin I during non-exertional heat-related illnesses in the context of a heatwave

Variable

Normal cTni

(n = 252)

Elevated cTnI

(n = 62)

P

% missing g values*

Age (years)

83 ± 11

85 ± 12

0.18

0%

Age >80 years

179/252 (71)

199/262 (76)

0.23

0%

Male sex

109/252 (43)

87/262 (33)

0.02

0%

Katz index

6 (3 to 6)

5 (2 to 6)

0.006

20.4%

Living in an institution

48/252 (19)

63/262 (24)

0.24

0%

Transportation to the hospital in an ambulance

241/252 (96)

253/262 (96)

1.00

0%

Pre-existing disease

    

   Hypertension

100/249 (40)

86/256 (33)

0.14

1.8%

   Coronary artery disease

57/249 (23)

89/256 (35)

0.004

1.8%

   Heart failure

29/249 (12)

30/256 (12)

1.00

1.8%

   Diabetes

32/249 (13)

35/256 (14)

0.79

1.8%

   Cancer

30/249 (12)

12/256 (5)

0.003

1.8%

Chronic medications

    

   Diuretics

85/247 (34)

92/247 (37)

0.57

3.9%

   CEI or AII I

51/247 (21)

60/247 (24)

0.39

3.9%

   Beta-blockers

39/247 (16)

27/247 (11)

0.15

3.9%

   Calcium inhibitors

38/247 (15)

45/247 (18)

0.47

3.9%

   Nitrates

35/247 (14)

61/247 (24)

0.004

3.9%

   Inotropic drugs

25/247 (10)

35/247 (14)

0.21

3.9%

   Antiarrhythmic drugs

33/247 (13)

19/247 (8)

0.06

3.9%

   Anticoagulant or antiaggregants

110/247 (44)

101/247 (41)

0.47

3.9%

   Statines

20/247 (8)

14/247 (6)

0.37

3.9%

Clinical signs

    

   Core temperature (°C)

39.9 ± 1.1

40.6 ± 1.3

<0.001

0%

   Core temperature >40°C

105/252 (42)

176/262 (67)

<0.001

0%

   SBP (mmHg)

120 ± 37

104 ± 42

<0.001

0%

   SBP <100 mmHg

31/214 (12)

74/254 (29)

<0.001

0%

   Glasgow coma scale

15 (13 to 15)

12 (6 to 15)

<0.001

10.0%

   Glasgow coma scale <12

41/227 (18)

118/237 (50)

<0.001

10.0%

   Oxygen saturation (%)

93 (90 to 96)

92 (88 to 95)

0.01

26.5%

   Oxygen saturation <90% †

36/173 (21)

66/205 (32)

0.015

26.5%

Biological variables (blood)

    

   Leucocytes (G/L)

12,128 ± 8,914

13,834 ± 6,902

0.017

3.2%

   Plasma sodium (mmol/L)

137 ± 9

138 ± 11

0.08

1.8%

   Hypernatremia (>145 mmol/L)

33/250 (13)

49/255 (19)

0.07

1.8%

   Creatinine (μmol/L)

119 ± 66

155 ± 85

<0.001

1.9%

   Creatinine >120 μmol/L

93/247 (38)

155//257 (64)

<0.001

1.9%

   Bicarbonates (mmol/L)

24.6 ± 4.0

22.1 ± 4.5

<0.001

3.5%

   Arterial pH

7.42 ± 0.05

7.39 ± 0.10

0.006

89.5%

Infection

93/248 (37)

79/259 (30)

0.11

1.4%

Therapeutic cooling

181/252 (72)

195/262 (74)

0.55

0%

Admitted to ICU

9/252 (4)

26/262 (10)

0.005

0%

Critically ill

47/247 (19)

134/259 (52)

<0.001

1.6%

Risk score

8 (6 to 11)

12 (8 to 16)

<0.001

15.9%

Risk score categories §

    

   - low

63/228 (28)

27/238 (11)

  

   - intermediate

128/228 (56)

101/238 (42)

<0.001

9.3%

   - high

37/228 (16)

110/238 (46)

  
  1. Data are mean + SD, median [25 to 75 interquartile, or number (%).
  2. †, measured using pulse oximetry. *, % of missing values were provided for the global population (no significant differences between the two groups). ¶ despite some missing values precludes exact calculation of the risk score, the risk score category could be allocated to 34 patients because these missing values were not able to modify it.
  3. AII I: angiotensin II inhibitors; CEI: converting enzyme inhibitor; SBP: systolic arterial blood pressure.