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Table 3 Summary of growth factors in Malawian children with sepsis

From: The role of angiogenic factors in predicting clinical outcome in severe bacterial infection in Malawian children

Geometric mean (25%-75% centile)

P values: univariable (multivariablea)

VEGF pg/ml

PDGF pg/ml

FGF pg/ml

Ang1 1,000 pg/ml

Ang2 1,000 pg/ml

Cases (n = 293)

90 (53-166)

956 (548-1884)

204 (119-376)

5.54 (2.6-9.7)

8.5 (5.2-13.6)

Controls (n = 15)

11 (4,15)

P < 0.001

402 (195-721)

P = 0.04

34 (20-48)

P < 0.001

6.84 (2.2-20.1)

P = 0.58

2.4 (1.6-4.6)

P < 0.001

NBI (n = 77)

77 (49-133)

1,069.4 (702-2,309)

210 (141-342)

8.4 (3.9-16.8)

5.3 (3.1-7.6)

SBI (n = 216)

96 (56-171)

P = 0.06 (0.02)

918 (521-1,779)

P = 0.27 (0.71)

202 (107-89)

P = 0.75 (0.74)

4.7 (2.4-8.7)

P < 0.001 (0.01)

10.0 (5.8-16.1)

P < 0.001 (0.002)

Gram-positive infection (n = 182)

102 (59-181)

978 (574-1,817)

215 (118-404)

4.8 (2.5-8.9)

10.4 (6.1-16.8)

Gram-negative infection (n = 33)

63 (40-96)

P = 0.004 (0.01)

643 (286-1,616)

P = 0.03 (0.03)

134 (84-278)

P = 0.007 (0.004)

4.2 (1.8-8.6)

P = 0.41 (0.54)

9.1 (5.7-14.2)

P = 0.23 (0.61)

Pneumonia (n = 211)

88 (54-155)

900 (528-1,756)

193 (116-356)

5.1 (2.5-9.6)

9.0 (5.3-15.8)

Meningitis (n = 82)

97 (51-200)

P = 0.38 (0.19)

1114 (676-2,378)

P = 0.11 (0.49)

239 (131-404)

P = 0.06 (0.15)

6.9 (3.7-14.6)

P = 0.10 (0.63)

7.0 (5.2-8.7)

P = 0.01 (0.52)

HIV negative (n = 138)

84 (53-145)

937 (547-1,720)

201 (117-377)

5.4 (2.7-9.7)

6.4 (3.9-9.2)

HIV positive (n = 154)

96 (53-177)

P = 0.17 (0.45)

967 (569-2,035)

P = 0.79 (0.95)

208 (123-375)

P = 0.71 (0.70)

5.7 (2.5-10.0)

P = 0.91 (0.72)

10.9 (6.2-16.8)

P < 0.001 (<0.001)

Survivors (n = 229)

93 (42-142)

1,051 (361-1,261)

214 (115-314)

6.0 (2.8-10.2)

7.7 (5.0-12.6)

Nonsurvivors (n = 64)

81 (54-176)

P = 0.27(0.19)

682 (612-2,035)

P = 0.003 (0.007)

171 (119-385)

P = 0.07 (0.10)

3.9 (2.3-7.4)

P = 0.03 (0.03)

11.9(6.7-21.7)

P = 0.001 (0.02)

Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) (n = 180)

101 (58-181)

978 (593-1,818)

215 (119-397)

4.8 (2.5-8.7)

10.4 (6.1-16.8)

SBI, other than IPD (n = 35)

68 (41-115)

P = 0.01

671 (292-1,611)

P = 0.04

146 (86-308)

P = 0.02

4.6 (2.0-9.1)

P = 0.32

8.3 (5.6-13.0)

P = 0.16

  1. aMultivariable analyses included NBI/SBI, diagnosis(pneumonia/meningitis), HIV status, survival status and gram-positive/-negative type. (IPD/SBI, other than IPD was not included in the model because of strong association with gram-positive/negative status. All except two of gram-positive infections were IPD).
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Critical Care

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