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Table 2 Clinical characteristics and cystatin C concentrations on admission to the ICU, and 30-day outcomes for surviving and dying cohorts with and without both sepsis and AKI

From: Urinary cystatin C is diagnostic of acute kidney injury and sepsis, and predicts mortality in the intensive care unit

 

Dead within 30 d

(n = 64)

Alive at 30 d

(n = 380)

P

Sepsis and AKI

(n = 30)

Not sepsis

and not AKI

(n = 268)

P

Age, years

64 ± 17

58 ± 18

0.16

58 ± 18

59 ± 18

0.76

Female

31 (48%)

141 (37%)

0.09

12 (40%)

101 (38%)

0.81

Baseline pCr, mmol/L

0.08

(0.06-0.10)

0.08

(0.06-0.09)

0.13

0.07

(0.06-0.09)

0.08

(0.06-0.09)

0.32

Total APACHE II score

22 ± 6.9

17 ± 5.9

<0.0001

18.5 ± 7.1

17.1 ± 6.3

0.25

Heart Rate APACHE IIa

<70 or >109 beats/minute

54 (84%)

272 (72%)

0.32

24 (80%)

196 (73%)

0.42

Respiratory rate APACHE IIa

<12 or >24 breaths/minute

23 (36%)

184 (48%)

0.06

16 (53%)

124 (46%)

0.46

WBC APACHE IIa

<3,000 or >14,900/mm3

32 (50%)

177 (47%)

0.61

16 (53%)

109 (41%)

0.18

Rectal temperature APACHE IIa

<36.0°C or >38.4°C

38 (59%)

219 (58%)

0.80

12 (40%)

166 (62%)

0.032

Arterial pH Apache IIa

<7.33 or >7.49

52 (81%)

254 (67%)

0.02

22 (73%)

173 (65%)

0.34

Hypotension before the ICU

32 (50%)

178 (47%)

0.64

14 (47%)

121 (45%)

0.88

Vasopressor/Catecholamine use

43 (67%)

240 (63%)

0.38

22 (73.3)

175 (65%)

0.38

Urine output (first 6 hours), mL

395

(209-785)

560

(331-910)

0.01

382

(229-546)

626

(358-1,020)

0.001

Mechanical ventilationb

59 (92%)

335 (88%)

0.35

22 (73%)

240 (90%)

0.006

Length of mechanical ventilation,b days

3.5 ± 2.3

2.8 ± 2.5

0.06

3.6 ± 3.0

2.6 ± 2.3

0.019

uCysC, mg/L

0.32

(0.08-2.21)

0.08

(0.04-0.68)

0.0004

5.48

(0.85-13.05)

0.06

(0.02-0.15)

<0.0001

uCr, mmol/L

6.10

(2.55-9.57)

5.3

(2.43-9.947)

0.94

8.85

(5.30-13.13)

4.05

(1.90-7.80)

<0.0001

pCr, mmol/L

0.09

(0.07-0.13)

0.09

(0.07-0.12)

0.64

0.15

(0.10-0.18)

0.08

(0.07-0.10)

<0.0001

pCysC, mg/L

1.0

(0.76-1.44)

0.83

(0.65-1.18)

0.01

1.32

(0.93-1.90)

0.74

(0.61-1.00)

<0.0001

Length of ICU stay, hours

100

(54-162)

70

(42-183)

0.37

112

(58-334)

62

(10-144)

0.004

Dead within 30 days

64 (100%)

0

 

4 (13%)

32 (12%)

0.83

AKI

24 (38%)

101(27%)

0.07

30 (100%)

0

 

Sepsis

12 (19%)

69 (18%)

0.9

30 (100%)

0

 
  1. All data are on admission to the intensive care unit, with the exception of Baseline pCr, the timing of which is described in the text. Presented for categoric variables are number, n (%) and for continuous variables normally distributed, mean ± SD and not normally distributed, median (interquartile range). AKI, acute kidney injury on admission to intensive care; uCysC, urinary cystatin C; uCr, urinary creatinine; pCysC, plasma cystatin C; pCr, plasma creatinine; WBC, white blood cell.
  2. aAPACHE II are the numbers (n) and percentage of patients with non-normal (non-zero) scores for each of the APACHE II subcategories listed.
  3. bWithin 7 days of entry to ICU.