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Table 1 Clinical characteristics and cystatin C concentrations on admission to the ICU for cohorts with and without sepsis or AKI

From: Urinary cystatin C is diagnostic of acute kidney injury and sepsis, and predicts mortality in the intensive care unit

 

Sepsis

(n = 81)

Not sepsis

(n = 363)

P

AKI

(n = 125)

Not AKI

(n = 319)

P

Age, years

58 ± 18

60 ± 18

0.28

62 ± 15

58 ± 18

0.12

Female

38 (47%)

134 (36%)

0.095

45 (36%)

127 (40%)

0.46

Baseline pCr, mmol/L

0.07

(0.06-0.09)

0.08

(0.06-0.10)

0.028

0.08

(0.06-0.10)

0.07

(0.06-0.09)

0.33

Total APACHE II score

17.4 ± 6.2

17.8 ± 6.4

0.57

19.5 ± 6.3

17 ± 6.2

<0.001

Heart rate APACHE IIa

<70 or >109 beats/minute

63 (77%)

263 (73%)

0.33

91 (73%)

235 (74%)

0.85

Respiratory rate APACHE IIa

<12 or >24 breaths/minute

48 (61%)

159 (44%)

0.012

51 (41%)

156 (49%)

0.12

WBC APACHE IIa

<3,000 or >14,900/mm3

42 (52%)

167 (46%)

0.34

74 (59%)

135 (42%)

0.001

Rectal temperature APACHE IIa

<36.0°C or >38.4°C

32 (40%)

225 (62%)

0.0003

71 (57%)

186 (58%)

0.77

Arterial pH Apache IIa

<7.33 or >7.49

56 (70%)

252 (69%)

0.96

100 (80%)

206 (65%)

0.002

Hypotension before ICU

27 (33%)

183 (50%)

0.005

76 (61%)

134 (42%)

<0.0001

Vasopressor/Catecholamine use

48 (60%)

235 (65%)

0.43

82 (65%)

201 (63%)

0.91

Urine output (first 6 hours), mL

454

(294-611)

570

(320-960)

0.005

410

(254-645)

592

(340-996)

<0.0001

Mechanical ventilationb

68 (84%)

326 (90%)

0.13

108 (86%)

286 (90%)

0.33

Length of mechanical ventilation,b days

3.8 ± 2.7

2.7 ± 2.4

<0.001

3.4 ± 2.6

2.8 ± 2.4

0.025

uCysC, mg/L

2.45

(0.26-10.7)

0.08

(0.03-0.23)

<0.0001

0.45

(0.09-2.54)

0.07

(0.03-0.28)

<0.0001

uCr, mmol/L

7.00

(4.6-11.8)

4.70

(2.2-9.2)

0.0006

7.40

(3.8-11.6)

4.60

(2.1-8.3)

<0.0001

pCr, mmol/L

0.09

(0.07-0.14)

0.09

(0.07-0.12)

0.49

0.14

(0.11-0.18)

0.08

(0.07-0.10)

<0.0001

pCysC, mg/L

0.98

(0.78-1.41)

0.81

(0.65-1.22)

0.034

1.26

(0.88-1.81)

0.76

(0.62-1.02)

<0.0001

Length of ICU stay, hours

121

(51-310)

68

(42-159)

<0.001

92

(54-162)

67

(42-160)

0.006

Dead within 30 days

12 (15%)

52 (14%)

0.91

24 (19%)

40 (13%)

0.07

AKI

30 (37%)

95 (26%)

0.05

125 (100%)

0

-

Sepsis

81 (100%)

0

-

30 (24%)

51(16%)

0.05

  1. All data are on admission to the intensive care unit, with the exception of Baseline pCr, the timing of which is described in the text. Presented for categoric variables are number, n(%), and for continuous variables normally distributed, mean ± SD, and not normally distributed, median (interquartile range). AKI, acute kidney injury on admission to intensive care; uCysC, urinary cystatin C; uCr, urinary creatinine; pCysC, plasma cystatin C; pCr, plasma creatinine; WBC, white blood cell.
  2. aAPACHE II are the numbers (n) and percentage of patients with non-normal (non-zero) scores for each of the APACHE II subcategories listed.
  3. bWithin 7 days of entry to ICU.
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