Figure 1
From: Endotoxemia-induced inflammation and the effect on the human brain
LPS-induced changes in cytokine plasma concentrations, cortisol and brain specific proteins. Time -0- reflects baseline concentrations. Administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) resulted in a marked increase in TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1Ra and cortisol concentrations. All changes in cytokine and the cortisol concentrations were significant (P < 0.001). Concentrations of neuron specific enolase (NSE) decreased after administration of LPS (P < 0.001) and S100-β showed a significant biphasic change (P = 0.038). All data are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean (n = 15). GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; S100β, S100 Calcium Binding Protein B. * P < 0.05. ** P < 0.001.