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Table 4 Characteristics of the 56 patients included in the matched case-control analysis

From: Nicotine withdrawal and agitation in ventilated critically ill patients

 

Smokers

(n = 31)

Nonsmokers

(n = 31)

P Value

Age,$ years

56 (51-64)

58 (55-66)

NA

Male gender,$ n (%)

30 (97)

30 (97)

NA

Medical origin, n (%)

26 (84)

23 (74)

0.5

Source, admission from the ward, n (%)

6 (19)

8 (26)

0.8

Comorbidities, n (%)

   

   Hypertension

5 (16)

8 (26)

0.5

   Alcoholism

20 (65)

20 (65)

NA

   Psychotropic drug use

10 (32)

7 (23)

0.6

Tobacco dependency

   

   Pack-years

31 (22-39)

NA

 

   Fagerström score

6 (3.5-6.5)

NA

 

Score ≤4 (weak dependence), n (%)

13 (42)

  

Score >4 (strong dependence), n (%)

18 (64)

  

Primary diagnosis,$ n (%)

   

Cardiac disease

1 (4)

4 (13)

 

Respiratory disease

11 (35)

13 (42)

0.2

Septic shock

10 (32)

7 (23)

 

Neurologic disease

2 (6)

2 (6)

 

Surgery

1 (4)

4 (13)

 

Other

6 (19)

1 (4)

 

SAPS II

48 (38-59)

51 (40-61)

0.8

SOFA

8 (5-10)

8 (6-11)

0.4

Vasopressor, n (%)

23 (74)

20 (65)

0.6

Body temperature >38.5°C, n (%)

13 (42)

16 (52)

0.6

NIV, n (%)

10 (32)

9 (29)

0.9

Failure of NIV, n (% of NIV)

7 (70)

7 (78)

0.9

PaO2/FiO2 ratio

205 (165-260)

189 (146-255)

0.6

Sedation-analgesia

   

Number of days/patient with Ramsay score ≥4

3 (2-5)

3 (2-6)

0.5

Sedation-free days, days

1 (0-4)

3 (0-6)

0.2

Total dose of midazolam (mg/kg)§

2 (0-11)

2 (0-8)

0.8

Total dose of propofol (mg/kg)§

48 (11-130)

7 (0-89)

0.3

Total dose of sufentanyl (μg/kg)§

13 (2-24)

10 (2-45)

0.7

At least one event of agitation,* n (%)

25 (80)

13 (42)

0.004

At least one event of delirium, n (%)

11 (35)

7 (23)

0.4

ICU LOS, days

13 (6-23)

15 (7-30)

0.9

ICU mortality, n (%)

5 (16)

8 (26)

0.5

  1. Results are expressed as number (%) or median (interquartile range) when appropriate. $Matched variables. §Total dose of sedatives and analgesics administered during ICU stay, taking into account the extra doses needed to abort the episodes of agitation/delirium. Abbreviations: NA = not attributable; SAPS II = Simplified Acute Physiology Score II; SOFA = Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; NIV = noninvasive ventilation; ICU = intensive care unit; LOS = length of stay.