From: Nicotine withdrawal and agitation in ventilated critically ill patients
Smokers (n = 31) | Nonsmokers (n = 31) | P Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age,$ years | 56 (51-64) | 58 (55-66) | NA |
Male gender,$ n (%) | 30 (97) | 30 (97) | NA |
Medical origin, n (%) | 26 (84) | 23 (74) | 0.5 |
Source, admission from the ward, n (%) | 6 (19) | 8 (26) | 0.8 |
Comorbidities, n (%) | |||
Hypertension | 5 (16) | 8 (26) | 0.5 |
Alcoholism | 20 (65) | 20 (65) | NA |
Psychotropic drug use | 10 (32) | 7 (23) | 0.6 |
Tobacco dependency | |||
Pack-years | 31 (22-39) | NA | |
Fagerström score | 6 (3.5-6.5) | NA | |
Score ≤4 (weak dependence), n (%) | 13 (42) | ||
Score >4 (strong dependence), n (%) | 18 (64) | ||
Primary diagnosis,$ n (%) | |||
Cardiac disease | 1 (4) | 4 (13) | |
Respiratory disease | 11 (35) | 13 (42) | 0.2 |
Septic shock | 10 (32) | 7 (23) | |
Neurologic disease | 2 (6) | 2 (6) | |
Surgery | 1 (4) | 4 (13) | |
Other | 6 (19) | 1 (4) | |
SAPS II | 48 (38-59) | 51 (40-61) | 0.8 |
SOFA | 8 (5-10) | 8 (6-11) | 0.4 |
Vasopressor, n (%) | 23 (74) | 20 (65) | 0.6 |
Body temperature >38.5°C, n (%) | 13 (42) | 16 (52) | 0.6 |
NIV, n (%) | 10 (32) | 9 (29) | 0.9 |
Failure of NIV, n (% of NIV) | 7 (70) | 7 (78) | 0.9 |
PaO2/FiO2 ratio | 205 (165-260) | 189 (146-255) | 0.6 |
Sedation-analgesia | |||
Number of days/patient with Ramsay score ≥4 | 3 (2-5) | 3 (2-6) | 0.5 |
Sedation-free days, days | 1 (0-4) | 3 (0-6) | 0.2 |
Total dose of midazolam (mg/kg)§ | 2 (0-11) | 2 (0-8) | 0.8 |
Total dose of propofol (mg/kg)§ | 48 (11-130) | 7 (0-89) | 0.3 |
Total dose of sufentanyl (μg/kg)§ | 13 (2-24) | 10 (2-45) | 0.7 |
At least one event of agitation,* n (%) | 25 (80) | 13 (42) | 0.004 |
At least one event of delirium, n (%) | 11 (35) | 7 (23) | 0.4 |
ICU LOS, days | 13 (6-23) | 15 (7-30) | 0.9 |
ICU mortality, n (%) | 5 (16) | 8 (26) | 0.5 |