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Table 1 Causes of hypocapnia

From: Bench-to-bedside review: Carbon dioxide

Hypoxemia

Altitude, pulmonary disease

Pulmonary disorders

Pneumonia, interstitial pneumonitis, fibrosis, edema, pulmonary emboli, vascular disease, bronchial asthma, pneumothorax

Cardiovascular system disorders

Congestive heart failure, hypotension

Metabolic disorders

Acidosis (diabetic, renal, lactic), hepatic failure

Central nervous system disorders

Psychogenic/anxiety hyperventilation, central nervous system infection, central nervous system tumors

Drug induced

Salicylates, methylxanthines, β-adrenergic agonists, progesterone

Miscellaneous

Fever, sepsis, pain, pregnancy