Table 1 Effect of CD14 'neutralization' in lung inflammation and lung infection

LPS (E. coli+LBP)

rabbit aCD14

↓↓neutrophil influx, ↓↓cytokines

LPS (E. coli+ventilation)

↓↓neutrophil influx, ~chemokines

LPS (E. coli)

mouse aCD14

↓neutrophil influx, ↓vascular leakage, ↓NF-κB activation

LPS (E. coli)

mouse CD14^-/-

↓↓neutrophil influx (reversed by sCD14), ↓↓cytokines (restored by sCD14), ↓↓chemokines, ↓↓vascular leakage

LPS (A. baumannii)

↓↓neutrophil influx, ↓↓cytokines

LTA (S. aureus)

mouse CD14^-/-

~neutrophil influx, ↓ cytokines, ↓chemokines

LTA (S. pneumoniae)

↓ neutrophil influx, ~cytokines, ~chemokines

nontypeable H. influenza

mouse CD14^-/-

↓↓clearance, ↓↓(early) ↑↑(late) neutrophil influx, ↓↓(early) ↑↑(late) cytokines

A. baumannii

mouse CD14^-/-

↓↓ clearance, ~neutrophil influx, ~cytokines (↑↑ dissemination)

E. coli

rabbit aCD14

↓↓clearance, ~neutrophil influx, ~cytokines, ~chemokines (↓↓systemic responses)

B. pseudomallei

mouse CD14^-/-

↑↑clearance (reversed by sCD14), ↓neutrophil influx (reversed by sCD14), ~cytokines (↑↑systemic clearance (reversed by sCD14)) (↓↓mortality)

S. pneumoniae

mouse CD14^-/-

↑↑clearance (reversed by sCD14), ↓↓neutrophil influx, ↓↓cytokines, ↓↓chemokines (↓↓dissemination (reversed by sCD14)) (↓↓ mortality (reversed by sCD14))

M. tuberculosis

mouse CD14^-/-

~clearance, ↓↓cellular infiltration, ~/↑cytokines (↓↓mortality)

Influenza A

mouse CD14^-/-

↑/~clearance, ~lymphocyte recruitment and activation, ~neutrophil influx, ~cytokines