Figure 1From: Adverse effects of beta adrenergic blockers during spinal anesthesia with 0.5% bupivacaineAdverse beta blocker effects. 1. Preoperative hypertension. 2. Intraoperative hypotension. 3. Intraoperative bradycardia. 4. Arrhythmia. 5. Nausea. 6. Atropine applied. 7. Ephedrine applied.Back to article page