Clinical review: Scoring systems in the critically ill

Table 1 Comparison of general outcome prediction models

Characteristics	APACHE [3]	SAPS [10]	APACHE II [4]	MPM^a [14]	APACHE III [5]	SAPS II [11]	MPM II^b [15]	SAPS 3 [12]	APACHE IV [8]	MPM III [17]
Year	1981	1984	1985	1985	1991	1993	1993	2005	2006	2007
Countries	1	1	1	1	1	12	12	35	1	1
ICUs	2	8	13	1	40	137	140	303	104	135
Patients	705	679	5,815	2,783	17,440	12,997	19,124	16,784	110,558	124,855
Selection of variables and their weights	Panel of experts	Panel of experts	Panel of experts	Multiple logistic regression	Multiple logistic regression	Multiple logistic regression	Multiple logistic regression	Multiple logistic regression	Multiple logistic regression	Multiple logistic regression
Variables
Age	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Origin	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
Surgical status	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Chronic	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
health status
Physiology	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Acute diagnosis	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Number of variables	34	14	17	11	26	17	15^c	20	142	16^d
Score	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No
Mortality prediction	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

^aThese models are based on previous versions, developed by the same authors. ^bThe numbers presented are those for the admission component of the model (MPM₀ II). ^cMPM₂₄ II uses only 13 variables. ^dPlus 7 interaction terms. APACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; SAPS, Simplifi ed Acute Physiology Score; MPM, Mortality Probability Model. Adapted from [64] with permission.

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