Table 2 Univariate analysis for all demographic and clinical variables pertinent to diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (n = 100)

Demographic data

Age (mean ± SD)

71 ± 13

70 ± 11

0.752

Gender (M/F)

15/26

33/26

0.057

Previous DVT or PE (Y/N)

10/31

2/57

0.001

Smoker (Y/N)

5/36

25/34

0.001

Thromboembolic risk factors

Surgery or fracture within 1 month (Y/N)

9/32

6/53

0.105

Malignancy (Y/N)

10/31

6/53

0.056

Hormone therapy (Y/N)

2/39

1/58

0.359

Palpitation (Y/N)

8/33

18/41

0.218

Calf pain (Y/N)

9/32

10/49

0.531

Relatively asymptomatic (Y/N)

2/39

0/59

0.087

Thrombophlebitis (Y/N)

2/39

0/59

0.087

Unilateral leg swelling (Y/N)

6/35

2/57

0.041

Cyanosis (Y/N)

10/31

1/58

< 0.001

Chronic venous insufficiency (Y/N)

1/40

2/57

0.784

COPD (Y/N)

10/31

10/49

0.360

Heart failure (Y/N)

18/23

38/21

0.042

Hemiparesis (Y/N)

2/39

4/55

0.694

Immobilization (Y/N)

4/37

2/57

0.187

Suspected DVT

6/35

3/56

0.101

Family history of venous thromboembolism (Y/N)

2/39

0/59

0.087

Clinical symptoms and signs

Syncope (Y/N)

19/22

28/31

0.912

Pulse (1/min)

104 ± 18

93 ± 13

0.001

PaCO₂ (mmHg)

36 ± 4

41 ± 6

< 0.001

PaO₂ (mmHg)

9 ± 1

12 ± 1

< 0.001

Dyspnea (sudden onset) (Y/N)

39/2

57/2

0.709

Pleural chest pain (Y/N)

27/14

48/11

0.078

Hemoptysis (Y/N)

2/39

2/57

0.709

Sweating (Y/N)

4/37

3/56

0.368

SpO₂ (%)

87 ± 6

88 ± 7

0.655

D-Dimer (mg/L)

2010 ± 804

1238 ± 692

< 0.001

Cough (Y/N)

12/29

18/41

0.894

PetCO₂ (mmHg)

25 ± 2

32 ± 4

< 0.001

Body temperature (°C)

36.8 ± 0.4

36.9 ± 0.4

0.641

Systolic BP (mmHg)

113 ± 21

122 ± 30

0.116

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

71 ± 12

71 ± 16

0.794

Crackles on auscultation (Y/N)

18/23

25/34

0.879

Respiratory rate (1/min)

23 ± 5

21 ± 2

0.024