One year mortality of patients treated with an emergency department based early goal directed therapy protocol for severe sepsis and septic shock: a before and after study

Table 1 Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and physiological measurements

	Pre-implementation	Post-implementation
Variable	n = 79	n = 206	P value
Age (mean years ± SD)	58 ± 16	56 ± 18	0.58
Race n, (%)
Caucasian	40 (51)	110 (54)	0.68
Black American	38 (48)	84 (41)	0.27
Gender n, (%)
Male	47 (59)	101 (49)	0.12
Female	32 (41)	105 (51)	0.12
Co-morbidities n, (%)
Diabetes mellitus	23 (29)	53 (26)	0.56
COPD	12 (15)	41 (20)	0.37
HIV	8 (10)	24 (12)	0.74
DD-End-stage renal disease	25 (32)	28 (14)	0.0008
Cancer	9 (11)	33 (16)	0.33
Organ transplant	3 (4)	4 (2)	0.4
Indwelling vascular line	7 (9)	27 (13)	0.33
Nursing home resident	18 (23)	39 (19)	0.47
Do not resuscitate	5 (6)	5 (2)	0.14
ED vital signs (mean ± SD)
Lowest SBP (median, (IQR) mmHg)	85 (73-91)	72 (65-79)	< 0.0001
Highest pulse (beats/min)	118 ± 27	120 ± 25	0.5
Highest RR (breaths/min)	26 ± 9	30 ± 11	0.008
Highest temperature (°F)	101 ± 3	100 ± 3	0.04
Lowest O2 saturation (%)	94 ± 7	92 ± 7	0.35
Lowest CVP (mmHg)	-	7 ± 4	-
Highest CVP (mmHg)	-	13 ± 6	-
Lowest ScVO2 (%)	-	67 ± 13	-
Highest ScVO2 (%)	-	80 ± 11	-
ED SOFA score (mean ± SD)	5 ± 3	7 ± 4	0.0004
Lactate level (mM, mean ± SD)**	5 ± 3	4 ± 3	0.03
*Suspected source of infection n, (%)**
Pulmonary	25 (32)	89 (43)	0.08
Urinary tract	21 (27)	58 (28)	0.8
Intra-abdominal	14 (1)	41 (20)	0.52
Skin/soft tissue	13 (20)	27 (13)	0.22
Blood (bacteremia)	2 (3)	21 (10)	0.03
Unknown	12 (15)	16 (8)	0.07

*Some patients had more than one suspected source, thus the total is more than 100%.
**Lactate was only available in 33 of 79 before group patients and 193 of 206 after group.
COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVP = central venous pressure; DD = dialysis dependent; ED = emergency department; HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; IQR = interquartile range; O2 = oxygen; RR = respiratory rate; SBP = systolic blood pressure; ScvO2 = central venous oxygen saturation; SD = standard deviation; SOFA = sequential organ failure assessment.

ISSN: 1364-8535