Age (mean years ± SD)
|
58 ± 16
|
56 ± 18
|
0.58
|
Race n, (%)
| | | |
Caucasian
|
40 (51)
|
110 (54)
|
0.68
|
Black American
|
38 (48)
|
84 (41)
|
0.27
|
Gender n, (%)
| | | |
Male
|
47 (59)
|
101 (49)
|
0.12
|
Female
|
32 (41)
|
105 (51)
|
0.12
|
Co-morbidities n, (%)
| | | |
Diabetes mellitus
|
23 (29)
|
53 (26)
|
0.56
|
COPD
|
12 (15)
|
41 (20)
|
0.37
|
HIV
|
8 (10)
|
24 (12)
|
0.74
|
DD-End-stage renal disease
|
25 (32)
|
28 (14)
|
0.0008
|
Cancer
|
9 (11)
|
33 (16)
|
0.33
|
Organ transplant
|
3 (4)
|
4 (2)
|
0.4
|
Indwelling vascular line
|
7 (9)
|
27 (13)
|
0.33
|
Nursing home resident
|
18 (23)
|
39 (19)
|
0.47
|
Do not resuscitate
|
5 (6)
|
5 (2)
|
0.14
|
ED vital signs (mean ± SD)
| | | |
Lowest SBP (median, (IQR) mmHg)
|
85 (73-91)
|
72 (65-79)
|
< 0.0001
|
Highest pulse (beats/min)
|
118 ± 27
|
120 ± 25
|
0.5
|
Highest RR (breaths/min)
|
26 ± 9
|
30 ± 11
|
0.008
|
Highest temperature (°F)
|
101 ± 3
|
100 ± 3
|
0.04
|
Lowest O2 saturation (%)
|
94 ± 7
|
92 ± 7
|
0.35
|
Lowest CVP (mmHg)
|
-
|
7 ± 4
|
-
|
Highest CVP (mmHg)
|
-
|
13 ± 6
|
-
|
Lowest ScVO2 (%)
|
-
|
67 ± 13
|
-
|
Highest ScVO2 (%)
|
-
|
80 ± 11
|
-
|
ED SOFA score (mean ± SD)
|
5 ± 3
|
7 ± 4
|
0.0004
|
Lactate level** (mM, mean ± SD)
|
5 ± 3
|
4 ± 3
|
0.03
|
Suspected source of infection* n, (%)
| | | |
Pulmonary
|
25 (32)
|
89 (43)
|
0.08
|
Urinary tract
|
21 (27)
|
58 (28)
|
0.8
|
Intra-abdominal
|
14 (1)
|
41 (20)
|
0.52
|
Skin/soft tissue
|
13 (20)
|
27 (13)
|
0.22
|
Blood (bacteremia)
|
2 (3)
|
21 (10)
|
0.03
|
Unknown
|
12 (15)
|
16 (8)
|
0.07
|