Table 1 Subject characteristics and outcomes between groups

Age (years)

48.0 ± 20.8

50.0 ± 22.5

44.8 ± 19.9

47.6 ± 19.1

0.3948

Gender – male/female

104/42

36/23

43/15

44/14

0.1570

Race

0.3661

   White

117 (88%)

43 (88%)

37 (78%)

37 (74%)

   African American

24 (17%)

4 (8%)

10 (22%)

10 (20%)

   Asian

2 (1%)

1 (2%)

0 (0%)

1 (2%)

   American Indian

3 (1%)

1 (2%)

0 (0%)

2 (4%)

Admitted from

0.0989

   Internal hospital ward

6 (4%)

5 (10%)

1 (25)

0 (0%)

   External community

116 (80%)

38 (76%)

37 (79%)

41 (82%)

   Other

24 (16%)

6 (12%)

9 (19%)

9 (18%)

Co-morbidities

68 (47%)*

24 (50%)

19 (40%)

25 (51%)

0.5212

   Cardiac

35 (24%)

13 (27%)

10 (21%)

12 (25%)

0.8039

   Pulmonary

16 (11%)

7 (15%)

3 (6%)

6 (12%)

0.4245

   Renal

5 (3%)

2 (4%)

0 (0%)

3 (6%)

0.2483

   Hepatic

2 (1%)

2 (4%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0.1316

   Endocrine

24 (17%)

10 (21%)

6 (13%)

8 (16%)

0.5715

   Central nervous

21 (15%)

9 (19%)

8 (17%)

4 (8%)

0.2844

   Neoplastic

10 (7%)

4 (8%)

2 (4%)

4 (8%)

0.6764

   Immunosuppression

2 (1%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

2 (4%)

0.1400

APACHE (baseline)

19.1 ± 5.5

19.1 ± 6.1

18.5 ± 4.1

19.7 ± 6.1

0.5850

Antibiotic exposure before study inclusion

43 (29%)

18 (37%)

12 (26%)

13 (26%)

0.3896

Antibiotic exposure after study inclusion

103 (71%)

32 (65%)

34 (72%)

37 (74%)

0.6043

Antibiotic use

3.5 ± 3.6

3.1 ± 3.5

3.8 ± 3.6

3.7 ± 3.8

0.6057

Days ventilated

9.1 ± 5.6

9.7 ± 6.3

9.4 ± 5.0

8.4 ± 5.2

0.5180

Days in hospital

11.4 ± 6.6

11.3 ± 6.7

12.0 ± 6.3

11.0 ± 6.8

0.7263

Deaths

24 (17%)

8 (17%)

8 (17%)

8 (16%)

0.9834

Missing doses

0.7 ± 1.1

0.9 ± 1.2

0.7 ± 1.3

0.5 ± 0.8

0.2844