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Figure 7 | Critical Care

Figure 7

From: Unfractionated heparin and enoxaparin reduce high-stretch ventilation augmented lung injury: a prospective, controlled animal experiment

Figure 7

Unfractionated heparin, enoxaparin, and PAI-1-deficient mice reduced stretch-induced PAI-1 activation. Representative photomicrographs (×400) with PAI-1 staining of paraffin lung sections with immunohistochemistry were from mice ventilated at VT 6 ml or VT 30 ml for 5 hours with room air. Unfractionated heparin, 200 IU/kg or 400 IU/kg, and enoxaparin, 4 mg/kg or 8 mg/kg, was given subcutaneously 30 minutes before ventilation (n = 6 per group). (a) Control wild-type mice; (b) VT 6 ml/kg wild-type mice; (c) VT 30 ml/kg wild-type mice; (d) VT 30 ml/kg wild-type mice pretreated with 200 IU unfractionated heparin; (e) VT 30 ml/kg wild-type mice pretreated with 400 IU unfractionated heparin; (f) VT30 ml/kg PAI-1-/- mice; (g) VT 30 ml/kg wild-type mice pretreated with 4 mg/kg enoxaparin; and (h) VT 30 ml/kg wild-type mice pretreated with 8 mg/kg enoxaparin. A dark brown diaminobenzidine (DAB) signal identified by arrows indicates positive staining for PAI-1 in the lung epithelium or interstitial, whereas shades of bluish tan signify nonreactive cells.

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