Table 3 Risk factors for VAP in patients undergoing major heart surgery in Europe in a univariate analysis
Characteristic | VAP (%) (n = 20) | No VAP (%) (n = 951) | Relative risk (95% confidence interval | Pvalue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Mixed ICU | 12 (60) | 330 (34.7) | 2.8 (1.1 to 6.9) | 0.02 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 8 (40) | 171 (18) | 3.0 (1.2 to 7.5) | 0.01 |
Renal disease | 4 (20) | 29 (3) | 7.9 (2.5 to 25.2) | 0.004 |
American Society of Anesthesiologists > 3 | 12 (60) | 286 (30) | 3.5 (1.4 to 8.6) | 0.006 |
Need for inotropic support | 20 (100) | 554 (58.3) | Â | < 0.001 |
Need for intra-aortic balloon | 5 (25) | 54 (5.7) | 5.5 (1.9 to 15.8) | 0.005 |
Ascending aortic surgery | 6 (30) | 40 (4.2) | 9.7 (3.5 to 26.7) | 0.001 |
Median surgery duration in minutes (IQR) | 287 (262 to 403) | 210 (170 to 260) | Â | < 0.001 |
Mean number of blood units transfused (SD) | 16.8 ± 19.5 | 2.1 ± 4.4 |  | < 0.001 |
Need of re-intervention | 9 (45) | 59 (6.2) | 12.3 (4.9 to 31) | < 0.001 |
Median number of days on mechanical ventilation (IQR) | 9.5 (5 to 29) | 1 (1 to 1) | Â | < 0.001 |