Table 2 Respiratory pressures and hemodynamics at 30% hypovolemia

Airway pressure (AP)

   Inspiratory (cmH₂O)

-1 ± 4

-7 ± 2*

-3 ± 4

-5 ± 2*

   Expiratory (cmH₂O)

3 ± 5

1 ± 2

5 ± 2

5 ± 2

   ΔAP (cmH₂O)

4 ± 1

8 ± 1*

8 ± 2*

11 ± 4*

Esophageal pressure (EP)

   Inspiratory (cmH₂O)

-4 ± 2

-9 ± 3*

-6 ± 3

-8 ± 2*

   Expiratory (cmH₂O)

-2 ± 1

-3 ± 3

-1 ± 2

-2 ± 3

   ΔEP (cmH₂O)

3 ± 1

6 ± 1*

5 ± 2*

6 ± 2*

Transpulmonary pressure (TP)

   Inspiratory (cmH₂O)

3 ± 4

2 ± 4

4 ± 2

3 ± 4

   Expiratory (cmH₂O)

5 ± 5

5 ± 4

6 ± 1

7 ± 3

   ΔTP (cmH₂O)

1 ± 2

3 ± 1

2 ± 1

4 ± 3*

Heart rate (/min)

130 ± 21

133 ± 12

138 ± 18

137 ± 23

Cardiac output (l/min)

3.2 ± 0.7

3.3 ± 0.4

3.3 ± 0.5

3.2 ± 0.5

Stroke volume (ml)

25 ± 5

25 ± 4

24 ± 4

24 ± 5

PAWP during inspiration (mmHg)

-2 ± 5

-7 ± 4

-3 ± 4

-5 ± 3

PAWP during expiration (mmHg)

4 ± 3

6 ± 2

8 ± 2*

7 ± 2

Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)

55 ± 6

59 ± 5

60 ± 7

59 ± 5

Central venous pressure (mmHg)

0 ± 2

-1 ± 3

1 ± 3

1 ± 3