Table 4 Univariate analysis of risk factors for CIP/CIM and prolonged mechanical ventilation
CIP/CIM Total population, n = 620 | Prolonged mechanical ventilation Total population, n = 541 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CIP/CIM n = 345 | No CIP/CIM n = 275 | p- value | Prolonged mechanical ventilation | No prolonged mechanical ventilation | p- value | |
Therapy | ||||||
IIT total n (%) | 220/345 (63.8) | 232/275 (84.4) | < 0.0001 | 259/343 (75.5) | 140/198 (70.7) | 0.2 |
Baseline | ||||||
Male/female sex, n (%) | 239/345 (69.3) | 171/275 (62.2) | 0.06 | 242/343 (70.6) | 118/198 (59.6) | 0.009 |
Age, years (mean ± SD) | 62 ± 14 | 63 ± 15 | 0.4 | 62 ± 14 | 64 ± 15 | 0.2 |
ICU type (MICU, %) | 87/345 (25.2) | 57/275 (20.7) | 0.2 | 57/343 (16.6) | 65/198 (32.8) | < 0.0001 |
Baseline APACHE II, median (IQR) | 15 (11 to 22) | 15 (11 to 22) | 0.4 | 15 (12 to 22) | 16 (11 to 23) | 0.7 |
On admission blood glucose, mg/dl median (IQR) | 137 (109 to 174) | 139 (112 to 181) | 0.5 | 139 (111 to 175) | 139 (113 to 183) | 0.6 |
On admission mechanical ventilation, total n (%) | 298/306 (97.4) | 237/247 (96.0) | 0.3 | 332/341 (97.4) | 185/194 (95.4) | 0.2 |
Diagnostic group, total n (%) of the category | 0.3 | 0.4 | ||||
Abdominal/gastrointestinal/liver | 39/71 (54.9) | 32/71 (45.1) | 45/67 (67.2) | 22/67 (32.8) | ||
Cardiovascular | 91/171 (53.2) | 80/171 (46.8) | 111/165(67.3) | 54/165 (32.7) | ||
Cerebral/neurological | 26/60 (43.3) | 34/60 (56.7) | 34/53 (64.2) | 19/53 (35.8) | ||
Haematological/oncologic/transplant | 15/31 (48.4) | 16/31 (51.6) | 19/27 (70.4) | 8/27 (29.6) | ||
Other | 42/73 (57.5) | 31/173 (42.5) | 38/70 (54.3) | 32/70 (45.7) | ||
Polytrauma | 221/37 (59.5) | 15/37 (40.5) | 22/32 (68.8) | 10/32 (31.2) | ||
Respiratory/thoracic | 85/136 (62.5) | 51/136 (37.5) | 74/127 (58.3) | 53/127 (41.7) | ||
History of diabetes, total n (%) | 0.2 | 0.7 | ||||
Insulin treated | 21/317 (6.6) | 16/254 (6.3) | 25/343 (7.3) | 11/198 (5.6) | ||
Oral antidiabetic treatment and/or diet | 22/317 (6.9) | 20/254 (7.9) | 24/343 (7.0) | 15/198 (7.6) | ||
Known risk factors | ||||||
Treatment with noradrenaline | ||||||
Treated patients, total n (%) | 232/301 (77.1) | 197/240 (82.1) | 0.2 | 289/343 (84.3) | 129/198 (65.2) | < 0.0001 |
Number of days treatment, median (IQR) | 7(1 to 15) | 6(2 to 13) | 0.4 | 8 (3 to 13) | 3 (0 to 6) | < 0.0001 |
Treatment with aminoglycosides | ||||||
Treated patients, total n (%) | 76/301 (25.2) | 51/240 (21.3) | 0.3 | 77/343 (22.4) | 29/198 (14.6) | 0.03 |
Number of days treatment, median (IQR) | 0 (0 to 1) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0.5 | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0.1 |
Treatment with glucocorticoids | ||||||
Treated patients, total n (%) | 165/301 (54.8) | 129/240(53.8) | 0.8 | 163/343 (47.5) | 100/198 (50.5) | 0.5 |
Number of days treatment, median (IQR) | 1 (0 to 12) | 1 (0 to 10) | 0.4 | 0 (0 to 8) | 1 (0 to 7) | 0.9 |
Cumulative dose up to time t | 250 (0 to 2500) | 300(0 to 2500) | 0.8 | 0 (0 to 1398) | 31 (0 to 1140) | 0.9 |
Treatment with NMBA | ||||||
Number of days treatment (≥ 1 bolus or drip), median (IQR) | 2 (1 to 4) | 1 (0 to 4) | 0.06 | 2 (1 to 3) | 1 (0 to 2) | < 0.0001 |
Patients treated prolonged (≥ 3d bolus or drip) total n (%) | 95/301 (31.6) | 71/240(29.6) | 0.6 | 262/343 (76.4)) | 107/198 (54.0) | < 0.0001 |
Dialysis | ||||||
yes | 118/301 (39.2) | 72/240 (30.0) | 0.03 | 126/343 (36.7) | 37/198 (18.7) | < 0.0001 |
n days, median (IQR) | 0 (0 to 10) | 0 (0 to 5) | 0.05 | 0 (0 to 6) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0.0001 |
Bacteraemia, yes, total n (%) | 113/301 (37.5) | 76/240 (31.7) | 0.2 | 92/343 (26.8) | 32/198 (16.2) | 0.004 |
Time to diagnosis, d median (IQR) | 22 (14 to 33) | 18 (11 to 27) | 0.000 7 | - | - | - |
Diagnosis of CIP/CIM during ICU stay, total n (%) | - | - | - | 207/343 (60.4) | 94/198 (47.5) | 0.004 |