Table 2 Effectiveness of noise reduction strategies in intensive care units
Author and year published | Method | Participants | Setting | Intervention | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zahr and Traversay, 1995 [50] | Controlled clinical trial | 30 premature infants | NICU in USA | Earmuffs | Improve sleep by 39.0% |
Wallace et al., 1999 [51] | Controlled clinical trial; polysomnography | 6 healthy adult subjects | Sleep Lab in USA | Earplugs | Improve sleep by 33.7% |
Richardson et al., 2007 [27] | Controlled clinical trial; patient self-report | 64 adult patients | CCU in UK | Earplugs + eye masks | Improve sleep by 10% |
Mann et al., 1986 [53] | Controlled clinical trial; nurse observation | 41 premature infants | Newborn nursery in UK | Behaviour modification | Improve sleep by 13.8% |
Kahn et al., 1998 [54] | Noise monitoring | All the ICU staff | Medical ICU in USA | Behaviour modification | Decrease noise by 1.9 dBA |
Walder et al., 2000 [55] | Nurse observation for sleep; noise monitoring | 17 adult ICU patients | Surgical ICU in Switzerland | Behaviour modification | Decrease noise by 3 dBA |
Olson et al., 2001 [56] | Controlled clinical trial; nurse observation for sleep; noise monitoring | 843 adult ICU patients | Neurocritical care unit in USA | Behaviour modification | Improve sleep by 18.3% |
Monsén and Edéll-Gustafsson, 2005 [57] | Controlled clinical trial; noise monitoring; documentation of sleep disturbance factors | 23 adult ICU patients | Neurointensive care unit in Sweden | Behaviour modification | Decrease noise by 1.9 dBA |
Gragert, 1990 [58] | Controlled clinical trial; RCSQ; researcher Observation | 40 old ICU patients | Coronary care unit in USA | Sound masking | Improve sleep by 22.9% |
Williamson, 1992 [59] | Controlled clinical trial; RCSQ | 60 CABG patients | A public hospital in USA | Sound masking (ocean sound) | Improve sleep by 37.5% |
Stanchina et al., 2005 [60] | Polysomnography | 4 healthy adult subjects | Sleep lab in USA | Sound masking (white noise) | Improve sleep by 67.6% |
Johnson, 2001 [61] | Noise monitoring | 65 premature infants | NICU in USA | Acoustic material | Decrease noise by 3.3 dBA |
Blomkvist et al., 2005 [48] | Noise monitoring | NA | Coronary ICU | Acoustic material | Decrease noise by 4 dBA |