Table 3 Variables associated with 30-day mortality after VAP diagnosis in univariate analysis (n = 192)*

Demographics

Age

62 ± 14

58 ± 17

0.12

Male gender

14 (30%)

40 (28%)

0.71

Characteristics before VAP

Charlson index

2 (1 to 3)

1 (0 to 3)

0.01

APACHE II on ICU admission

20 ± 8

21 ± 9

0.87

Shock on ICU admission

26 (55%)

50 (35%)

0.016

ARDS

21 (45%)

33 (23%)

0.005

RRT before VAP

17 (36%)

15 (10%)

< 0.001

Duration of mechanical ventilation before VAP, days

9 (5 to 16)

7 (3 to 14)

0.14

Number of infectious episodes before VAP

1 (1 to 1)

1 (1 to 1)

0.243

SOFA 2 days before VAP

7 (5 to 9)

5 (3 to 7)

0.001

Characteristics at diagnosis of VAP

SOFA at VAP

9 (5 to 11)

5 (4 to 8)

< 0.001

Delta SOFA^□

1 (0 to 4)

0 (-1 to 1)

< 0.001

VAP with shock

19 (40%)

22(15%)

< 0.001

Microbial aetiology of VAP

   MDR aetiology

19 (40%)

33 (23%)

0.02

   Gram-negative aetiology

40 (85%)

122 (84%)

0.39

Enterobacteriaceae

24 (62%)

70 (48%)

0.71

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

12 (26%)

39 (27%)

0.84

Non-fermenter other than P. aeruginosa

3 (6%)

2 (1%)

0.006

Other Gram-negative^†

1(2%)

11 (8%)

0.001

   Gram-positive aetiology

7(15%)

23(16%)

0.39

Staphylococcus aureus

7 (15%)

18 (12%)

0.37

Streptococcus pneumoniae

0

5 (4%)

0.01

Subsequent VAP

4 (9%)

30(21%)

0.08

Treatment characteristics

Appropriate therapy < 24 hours^¶

38 (83%)

125(86%)

0.63

Appropriate therapy < 48 hours^¶

43 (94%)

135 (93%)

0.99