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Table 4 Factors associated with a higher risk of readmission to the intensive care unit (ICU).

From: Readmission to a surgical intensive care unit: incidence, outcome and risk factors

 

Univariate

Multivariate

 

Odds ratio (95% CI)

p value

Odds ratio (95% CI)

p value

Age (per 10 years)

1.14 (1.06 to 1.23)

0.001

1.13 (1.03 to 1.24)

0.025

Female gender

1.08 (0.86 to 1.36)

0.506

0.86 (0.59 to 1.24)

0.404

Source of admission

    

   Operating room

Reference

NA

Reference

NA

   Emergency room

1.31 (0.80 to 2.15)

0.278

1.51 (0.59 to 3.84)

0.385

   Other hospital

1.75 (1.17 to 2.62)

0.006

1.35 (0.60 to 3.05)

0.472

Cancer

0.82 (0.62 to 1.07)

0.148

1.05 (0.63 to 1.76)

0.845

Chronic heart failure

1.73 (0.85 to 3.49)

0.129

1.13 (0.43 to 2.94)

0.806

Chronic renal failure

1.34 (0.96 to 1.87)

0.083

1.17 (0.72 to 1.91)

0.591

Diabetes

1.24 (0.97 to 1.59)

0.093

1.47 (0.99 to 2.16)

0.054

Unplanned admissions

1.66 (1.30 to 2.12)

< 0.001

0.84 (0.42 to 1.68)

0.612

Sepsis during initial ICU stay

    

   No sepsis

Reference

NA

Reference

NA

   Sepsis

1.46 (0.95 to 2.25)

0.083

1.18 (0.73 to 1.90)

0.494

   Severe sepsis

1.44 (0.86 to 2.41)

0.171

1.04 (0.58 to 1.86)

0.901

Type of surgery

    

   Neurosurgery

0.97 (0.71 to 1.31)

0.822

0.97 (0.56 to 1.70)

0.923

   Thoracic surgery

0.84 (0.51 to 1.39)

0.492

1.30 (0.56 to 3.06)

0.543

   Cardiac surgery

0.83 (0.66 to 1.05)

0.118

0.71 (0.44 to 1.15)

0.166

   Gastrointestinal

1.05 (0.80 to 1.37)

0.714

0.82 (0.56 to 1.65)

0.654

   Trauma

0.86 (0.53 to 1.39)

0.548

0.79 (0.32 to 1.92)

0.601

Weekend discharge

0.79 (0.74 to 1.82)

0.175

0.84 (0.61 to 1.34)

0.575

Nocturnal discharge

0.93 (0.47 to 1.22)

0.375

0.98 (0.74 to 1.22)

0.442

Severity scores (per point)*

    

   SAPS 2 score**

1.02 (1.01 to 1.02)

< 0.001

1.03 (0.99 to 1.07)

0.155

   SOFA score**

1.06 (1.02 to 1.09)

0.001

1.03 (0.99 to 1.07)

0.138

   SOFAmax

1.06 (1.03 to 1.10)

< 0.001

1.04 (1.01 to 1.08)

0.045

Mechanical ventilation during ICU stay

1.04 (0.82 to 1.31)

0.772

1.05 (0.78 to 1.41)

0.765

Duration of mechanical ventilation (per day)

1.04 (1.01 to 1.06)

0014

1.02 (0.98 to 1.05)

0.421

Laboratory parameters on the day of initial discharge †

    

   Bilirubin (ÎŒmol/L)

0.98 (0.98 to 1.01)

0.558

1 (0.99 to 1.04)

0.939

   Creatinine (ÎŒmol/L)

1.02 (1.01 to 1.03)

0.04

1.01 (1 to 1.03)

0089

   Leucocyte count (103/ÎŒl)

1.01 (0.98 to 1.03)

0.503

1.02 (0.99 to 1.05)

0.3

   Platelet count (103/ÎŒl)

1 (0.99 to 1.01)

0.445

1 (0.99 to 1.02)

0.543

   Lactate (mmol/L)

0.94 (0.84 to 1.06)

0.308

0.95 (0.84 to 1.07)

0.413

   C-reactive protein (mg/L)

1.01 (1.01 to 1.02)

0.003

1.02 (1.01 to 1.04)

0.035

  1. Hosmer and Lemeshow Chi-squared = 11.8, p = 0.16
  2. *Introduced sequentially in the model due to co-linearity.
  3. **On initial admission to the ICU
  4. †per 10 unit increase (creatinine, leucocyte count, platelet count and C-reactive protein) and per one unit increase (bilirubin and lactate)
  5. CI = confidence interval; SAPS = simplified acute physiology score; SOFA = sequential organ failure score.
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Critical Care

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