Figure 4From: Hyperosmotic stress enhances cytokine production and decreases phagocytosis in vitroOxidative burst activity with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) (a) and Escherichia coli (b) as stimuli. Samples were incubated for 3 hours with no supplement addition, mannitol (500 mg/dL), and glucose (500 mg/dL). Oxidative burst activity was determined via flow cytometry (n = 10; mean ± standard error of the mean; *P < 0.05 versus no supplement addition).Back to article page