Figure 3
From: Hyperosmotic stress enhances cytokine production and decreases phagocytosis in vitro
Interleukin (IL)-6 (a) and IL-1β (b) cytokine production over a time period of 24 hours after stimulation with 0.5 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide. Samples were preincubated for 3 hours under no supplement addition and equal concentrations of glucose or mannitol (1,000 mg/dL). After 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 hours of incubation, cytokine production was measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (n = 4 to 5; mean ± standard error of the mean; *P < 0.05 versus no supplement addition).