Combined milrinone and enteral metoprolol therapy in patients with septic myocardial depression

Table 2 Hemodynamic variables at shock onset and during the observation period

	ICU admission^a	Baseline	6 hours	12 hours	24 hours	48 hours	72 hours	96 hours	P value
Patients, number	40	40	40	39	37	37	35	33
Heart rate, bpm	110 ± 19	101 ± 18	84 ± 17^b	84 ± 14^b	84 ± 13^b	83 ± 13^b	79 ± 13^b	78 ± 14^b	<0.001^c
MAP, mm Hg	59 ± 19	85 ± 23	82 ± 15	85 ± 18	87 ± 15	90 ± 20	91 ± 20	90 ± 21	0.16
CVP, mm Hg	14 ± 4	12 ± 3	12 ± 4	12 ± 3	11 ± 3	11 ± 3^b	10 ± 3^b	9 ± 3^b	<0.001^c
Cardiac index, L/minute per m²	1.9 ± 0.6	3.1 ± 1.1	3.2 ± 1.0	3.3 ± 0.9	3.4 ± 0.9	3.4 ± 1.0	3.5 ± 1.0	3.5. ± 0.8	0.56
SVI, mL/beat per m²	18 ± 7	32 ± 12	40 ± 14	40 ± 12	42 ± 12^b	42 ± 13^b	42 ± 10^b	44 ± 9^b	0.002^c
CPI, W/m²	0.24 ± 0.14	0.61 ± 0.32	0.57 ± 0.22	0.60 ± 0.17	0.65 ± 0.18	0.68 ± 0.30	0.71 ± 0.25	0.68 ± 0.23	0.27
ScvO₂, percentage	64 ± 12	71 ± 10	72 ± 6	72 ± 11	74 ± 9	77 ± 8	73 ± 11	72 ± 11	0.35
SVRI, dyne-second/cm⁵ per m²	2,041 ± 1,181	2,114 ± 825	1,918 ± 897	1,913 ± 777	1,895 ± 647	2,014 ± 800	2,060 ± 852	1,824 ± 569	0.78
NE, μg/kg per minute	0.12 ± 0.25 (n = 18)	0.17 ± 0.11	0.18 ± 0.11	0.18 ± 0.11	0.17 ± 0.13	0.13 ± 0.13	0.09 ± 0.08^b	0.06 ± 0.07^b	<0.001^c
AVP dosage, IU/hour	NA	2.0 ± 1.6	2.2 ± 1.3	2.1 ± 1.3	2.1 ± 1.2	1.9 ± 1.3	1.3 ± 1.3	0.8 ± 1.1^b	<0.001^c
Mil, μg/kg per minute	0.24 ± 0.19 (n = 6)	0.31 ± 0.16	0.34 ± 0.17	0.33 ± 0.16	0.30 ± 0.17	0.24 ± 0.18	0.21 ± 0.19	0.12 ± 0.13^b	<0.001^c
Meto, mg	NA	47 ± 19	NA	NA	47 ± 41	52 ± 42	51 ± 42	54 ± 37	NA

^aNot included in the longitudinal mixed-effects analysis. ^bSignificant effects versus baseline. ^cSignificant time effect. Data are presented as mean value ± standard deviation. AVP, arginine vasopressin; bmp, beats per minute; CPI, cardiac power index; CVP, central venous blood pressure; ICU, intensive care unit; MAP, mean arterial blood pressure; Meto, metoprolol dosage; Mil, milrinone requirements (n in parentheses indicates the number of patients who received milrinone already at intensive care unit admission); NA, not administered; NE, norepinephrine requirements (n in parentheses indicates the number of patients who received norepinephrine already at intensive care unit admission); ScvO₂, central venous oxygen saturation; SVI, stroke volume index; SVRI, systemic vascular resistance index.

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