Optic nerve sonography in the diagnostic evaluation of adult brain injury

Table 2 Characteristics of the study population

Characteristic	Group A (control individuals; n = 26)	Group B (moderate brain injury; n = 18)	Group C (severe brain injury; n = 32)
Age (years; mean ± SD)	49 ± 19	43 ± 14	49 ± 18
Sex (male/female; n)	21/5	12/6	25/7
BMI (kg/m²; mean ± SD)	20 ± 4.9	20 ± 4.5	19.2 ± 6.0
GCS (1 to 14; median [range])	14	11.1 (8 to 13)	4.9 (3 to 7)*
Diagnosis upon admission (n [%])	Trauma: 11 (42%)	Head injury: 18 (100%)	Head injury: 32 (100%)
	Sepsis: 8 (31%)
	ARDS: 5 (19%)
	Burn: 2 (8%)
ONSD (mm; mean ± SD [range])	3.6 ± 0.6 (2.2 to 4.9)	4.2 ± 1.2 (3.0 to 6.2)	6.1 ± 0.7 (5.2 to 7.8)*
eICP (mmHg; mean ± SD [range])	10.3 ± 3.1 (3.5 to 14.7)	12.0 ± 3.6 (6.3 to 18.4)	26.2 ± 8.7 (14.4 to 51.1)^†
ICP (mmHg; mean ± SD [range])	-	-	26.0 ± 7.3 (16.0 to 47.0)
CPP (mmHg; mean ± SD [range])	-	-	61.8 ± 12.0 (29.0 to 85.0)
Brain CT injury scale upon admission (I to VI; n [%])	Normal	I: 18 (100%)	II: 4 (12.5%)
			III: 16 (50.0%)
			IV: 4 (12.5%)
			V: 4 (12.5%)
			VI: 4 (12.5%)

*Statistically significant difference in GCS and ONSD values between group C and groups A and B (P < 0.0001; Student's t-test). ^†Statistically significant difference in eICP values between group C and groups A and B (P < 0.0001; Student's t-test). ARDS, adult respiratory distress syndrome; BMI, body mass index; CPP, cerebral perfusion pressure; CT, computed tomography; eICP, non-invasive intracranial pressure; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; ICP, invasive intracranial pressure; ONSD, optic nerve sheath diameter; SD, standard deviation.

ISSN: 1364-8535