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Table 3 Multivariate analysis of cause-specific hazard ratios for mortality on intensive care units (model 2)

From: Risk factors for the development of nosocomial pneumonia and mortality on intensive care units: application of competing risks models

 

Possible endpoints (competing risks)

Risk factor

Death in the ICU

  

Discharge from ICU

  
 

CSHR

95% CI

p Value

CSHR

95% CI

p Value

Baseline

Age (continuous variable)

1.02

1.01 to 1.03

< 0.01

1.00

1.00 to 1.01

0.01

Female gender

0.83

0.63 to 1.11

0.21

0.92

0.83 to 1.03

0.14

SAPS II (continuous variable)

1.02

1.01 to 1.03

< 0.01

0.98

0.98 to 0.98

< 0.01

Intubation on admission

0.83

0.69 to 1.00

0.06

1.14

1.04 to 1.24

< 0.01

Pneumonia on admission

0.72

0.47 to 1.10

0.13

0.61

0.51 to 0.72

< 0.01

LRT on admission

0.53

0.13 to 2.11

0.37

0.70

0.32 to 1.54

0.37

Urinary tract infection on admission

0.97

0.49 to 1.92

0.92

0.77

0.51 to 1.16

0.22

Other infections on admission

1.44

0.97 to 2.15

0.07

0.60

0.47 to 0.76

< 0.01

Hospitalization before admission

1.08

0.74 to 1.57

0.69

0.89

0.79 to 1.01

0.06

Surgical patients

0.56

0.34 to 0.93

0.03

1.02

0.86 to 1.20

0.83

Elective surgery before admission

0.43

0.31 to 0.58

< 0.01

0.56

0.50 to 0.63

< 0.01

Emergency surgery before admission

0.98

0.67 to 1.43

0.91

1.11

0.97 to 1.27

0.14

Cardial/pulmonary underlying disease

0.81

0.56 to 1.17

0.26

0.89

0.77 to 1.03

0.11

Neurological underlying disease

0.87

0.55 to 1.39

0.57

1.01

0.87 to 1.18

0.89

Metabolic/renal underlying disease

1.22

0.81 to 1.82

0.34

0.79

0.63 to 0.99

0.04

Other underlying disease

1.66

1.12 to 2.44

0.01

0.96

0.77 to 1.19

0.70

Time-dependent

Ventilation

1.78

0.99 to 3.20

0.05

0.45

0.38 to 0.53

< 0.01

Chest drainage

0.99

0.70 to 1.41

0.97

0.71

0.62 to 0.82

< 0.01

Colostomy

0.96

0.26 to 3.61

0.95

0.59

0.23 to 1.53

0.28

Enterostomy

0.77

0.15 to 4.02

0.76

2.06

0.74 to 5.74

0.16

Jejunostomy

1.53

0.37 to 6.23

0.56

0.28

0.11 to 0.69

0.01

Nasogastric tube

0.82

0.45 to 1.50

0.52

0.89

0.76 to 1.04

0.14

Urinary catheter

0.74

0.43 to 1.27

0.27

0.78

0.66 to 0.94

0.01

Nosocomial pneumonia

0.87

0.56 to 1.36

0.55

0.59

0.49 to 0.71

< 0.01

Nosocomial blood stream infection

0.77

0.31 to 1.90

0.57

0.90

0.65 to 1.23

0.50

Nosocomial LRT

1.24

0.66 to 2.30

0.50

0.56

0.56 to 0.80

< 0.01

  1. CSHR, cause-specific hazard ratio; LRT, lower respiratory tract infection (other than pneumonia); SAPS, simplified acute physiology score.