Skip to main content

Table 2 Characteristics and parameters of TK/TD relationships regarding the rate of glucose infusion versus insulin concentrations in six deliberate insulin intoxications

From: Intentional overdose with insulin: prognostic factors and toxicokinetic/toxicodynamic profiles

Patient

Sex/age (years)

Diabetes

Insulin type/dose

Delay to initial therapy (hours)

Lowest blood glucose level (mmol/l)

Emax (g/h)

EC50 (mU/l)

Cmax (mIU/l)

R2

T1/2 (hours)

Outcome

1

Male/60

Type 1

Rapid-acting/500 IU

2.0

0.8

17.5

667

1,853

0.98

3.5

Alive

2

Female/40

Type 1

30% rapid-acting/70% slow-acting/120 IU

0.8

0.8

36

35

151

0.91

4.0

Alive

3

Female/52

Type 2

Slow-acting/1,500 IU

2.6

2.0

119.9

42

704

0.71

11.7

Alive

4

Female/45

Nondiabetic

Rapid-acting/100 IU

0.3

1.1

23.1

161

9,053

0.88

0.8

Alive

5

Male/16

Nondiabetic

Slow-acting/1,500 IU

1.5

2.5

41.1

50

5,740

0.70

4.6

Alive

6

Female/60

Nondiabetic

Rapid-acting/1,200 IU

1.0

1.7

14.6

12

197

0.79

1.5

Alive

  1. Cmax, maximal observed concentration; EC50, concentration associated with half-maximal effect; Emax, maximum possible measured glucose infusion rate; R2, correlation coefficient for the TK/TD model; T1/2, half-life; TK/TD, toxicokinetic/toxicodynamic.