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Table 2 Patient characteristics during cooling to hypo- and normothermia in the hypothermia and normothermia groups

From: Comparison of cooling methods to induce and maintain normo- and hypothermia in intensive care unit patients: a prospective intervention study

Hypothermia

      
 

Conventional

BR

CC

AS

CG

P value

   Sedatives

5

5

3

5

5

0.069

   Neuromuscular blockers

2

3

3

5

5

0.129

   Analgesics

5

4

3

5

5

0.195

   Paracetamol

3

0

3

2

2

0.287

   Inotropic agents

5

3

3

2

4

0.311

   Vasodilatory agentsa

0

1

3

0

1

0.112

   Adverse events

     

0.271

Hypotensionb

2

2

1

2

2

 

Arrhythmiac

0

2

2

3

2

 

Skin lesions

0

0

0

0

0

 

   Overshootd

     

0.058

No. of patients

1

3

0

3

0

 

Lowest temperature (°C)

31.9

31.0 ± 0.3

 

32.4 ± 0.1

  

   Use of additional cooling

0

0

2

0

0

0.069

   Treatment failuree

2

0

2

0

0

0.129

Normothermia

      

   Sedatives

4

3

5

5

5

0.195

   Neuromuscular blockers

0

3

3

4

5

0.195

   Analgesics

4

3

5

5

5

0.195

   Paracetamol

5

5

4

4

5

0.515

   Inotropic agents

1

0

2

3

2

0.311

   Vasodilatory agentsa

0

0

1

0

0

0.384

   Antibiotics

4

5

5

5

5

0.384

   Adverse events

     

0.069

Hypotensionb

0

0

1

0

0

 

Arrhythmiac

0

0

1

0

0

 

Skin lesions

0

0

0

0

0

 

   Overshootd

     

0.040

No. of patients

0

3

0

2

0

 

Lowest temperature (°C)

 

35.7 ± 0.4

 

36.1 ± 0.1

  

   Use of additional cooling

0

0

2

0

0

0.069

   Treatment failuree

4

0

1

0

0

0.019

  1. Conventional, conventional cooling with ice cold fluids and ice/coldpacks; BR, water-circulating cooling system; CC, air-circulating cooling system; AS, gel-coated cooling system; CG, intravascular cooling system. aVasodilatation used low dose nitroglycerin or ketanserin iv. bHypotension is defined as mean arterial pressure ≤ 60 mmHg. cArrhythmia defined as any rhythm but normal sinus rhythm, sinus bradycardia or sinus tachycardia. dOvershoot defined as drop of body temperature during initiation of cooling >0.5°C below target temperature. eTreatment failure defined as failure to reach target temperature within 24 hours after start of cooling.