Clinical review: Therapy for refractory intracranial hypertension in ischaemic stroke

Table 3 Functional outcome data on patients with malignant middle cerebral artery infarction treated with hypothermia

Authors	Number	Mean age (years)	Dominant/nondominant hemisphere	+ ACA and/or PCA	Mean time to hypothermia (hours)	Mean time to follow-up (months)	Independent	Mild to moderate disability	Severe disability	Death
Schwab et al., 1998 [95]	25	49	68%/32%	20%	14	3		Median Barthel Index 70		48%
Schwab et al., 2001 [134]	50	57	NA	10%	22	3		NA		38%
Georgiadis et al., 2001 [99]	6	65	83%/17%	NA	28	NA	NA	NA	NA	17%
Milhaud et al., 2005 [94]	10	52	50%/50%	8%	11	6	10%	30%	10%	50%

Functional outcome was classified according to Gupta and colleagues [123] as (1) independent outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] 0 to 1, Glasgow Outcome Scale [GOS] 5, Barthel Index [BI] greater than or equal to 90), (2) mild to moderate disability (mRS 2 to 3, GOS 4, BI 60 to 85), (3) severe disability (mRS 4 to 5, GOS 2 to 3, BI less than 60), and (4) death. In the case of patients in whom more than one outcome scale was given, we classified outcome according to the following priority: mRS – GOS – BI. NA indicates data not given or values of the BI, GOS, or mRS given as means [135,136]. ACA, anterior cerebral artery; PCA, posterior cerebral artery.