Bench-to-bedside review: Pulmonary–renal syndromes – an update for the intensivist

Table 2 Relative frequencies of conditions contributing to Pulmonary–renal syndrome in the intensive care unit [68-71]

	Pourrat et al. (2000) [68]	Gallagher et al. (2002) [70]	Cruz et al. (2003) [69]	Bucciarrelli et al. (2006) [71]
Number of patients	33^a	14^b	26^c	220^d
Perinuclear ANCA vasculitis	-	5	11	-
Cytoplasmic ANCA vasculitis	2	5	5	-
Goodpasture's syndrome	3	-	1	-
Antiglomerular basement membrane/perinuclear ANCA positive	-	2	-	-
Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome with adult respiratory distress syndrome	-	-		56
Other	28	2	10	164

^aThirty-three patients admitted to the intensive care unit with 'systemic disease'. 'Other' includes eight cases of systemic lupus erythematosus. ^bFourteen patients with Pulmonary–renal syndrome. 'Other' included one case of systemic lupus erythematosus. ^cTwenty-six patients with systemic necrotizing vasculitis. 'Perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (ANCA) vasculitis' included Churg–Strauss syndrome and microscopic polyangiitis. 'Other' included polyarteritis nodosa, HIV-related vasculitis, cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis and Henoch–Schönlein purpura. ^dTwo hundred and twenty patients with catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome included in the catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome registry. 'Other' included catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome without adult respiratory distress syndrome.

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