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Table 1 Homogeneity of the groups for pre- and intra-operative variables

From: Minimally invasive cardiopulmonary bypass: does it really change the outcome?

Variable

Control group

MICPB group

P value

 

n = 1,663

n = 1,663

 

Age (years)

67.9 ± 9.5

67.9 ± 9.2

NS

Weight (kg)

73.5 ± 12

73.7 ± 14

NS

Height (cm)

167 ± 8.6

167 ± 9.8

NS

Ejection fraction

0.50 ± 0.11

0.50 ± 0.11

NS

Serum creatinine level (mg/dl)

1.31 ± 0.7

1.28 ± 0.8

NS

Serum bilirubin level (mg/dl)

0.63 ± 0.38

0.61 ± 0.36

NS

Hematocrit (percentage)

39.2 ± 4.6

39.2 ± 4.4

NS

Priming volume (ml)

874 ± 190

771 ± 134

0.001

CPB duration (minutes)

60.9 ± 25

59.8 ± 21

NS

Aortic cross-clamping time (minutes)

34.4 ± 13

34.6 ± 13

NS

Lowest hematocrit on CPB (percentage)

26.2 ± 3.9

27 ± 3.7

0.001

Lowest temperature on CPB (°C)

33 ± 1.6

32.9 ± 1.4

NS

Total heparin dose (IU)

26,733 ± 32,159

23,590 ± 30,421

0.004

Total protamine dose (mg)

221 ± 58

162 ± 58

0.001

Distal coronary anastomoses

3.26 ± 0.95

3.37 ± 0.98

NS

Gender male

1,311 (78%)

1,322 (79.5%)

NS

Recent myocardial infarction

96 (5.8%)

107 (6.4%)

NS

Unstable angina

240 (14.4%)

203 (12.2%)

NS

Antiplatelet agents

350 (21%)

338 (20.3%)

NS

Previous vascular surgery

93 (5.6%)

93 (5.6%)

NS

Congestive heart failure

40 (2.4%)

38 (2.3%)

NS

Preoperative IABP use

10 (0.6%)

11 (0.6%)

NS

COPD

145 (8.7%)

151 (9.1%)

NS

Cerebrovascular accident

104 (6.2%)

91 (5.5%)

NS

Diabetes on medication

312 (18.7%)

344 (20.1%)

NS

Chronic renal failure

40 (2.4%)

38 (2.3%)

NS

Redo operation

45 (2.7%)

40 (2.4%)

NS

Emergency procedure

13 (0.8%)

9 (0.5%)

NS

  1. CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump; MICPB, minimally invasive cardiopulmonary bypass; NS, not significant.