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Table 2 Characteristics and pathogenicity of influenza A viruses

From: Clinical review: Update of avian influenza A infections in humans

 

Viral features

Number of HA subtypes

16

Number of NA subtypes

9

Predominant human subtypes

H1, H2, H3

Avian subtypes

H1–H16

HPAI subtypes

H5 and H7

Conversion to HPAI

Basic amino acid insertion in HA

Avian sialic acid-galactose linkages

α-2,3 linkages

Human sialic acid-galactose linkages

α-2,6 linkages

  1. HA, hemagglutinin; HPAI, highly pathogenic avian influenza; NA, neuroaminidase.
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Critical Care

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