|
Outcome measures
|
Ultrasound group (n = 450)
|
Landmark group (n = 450)
|
|---|
|
Access time (seconds)
|
17.1 ± 16.5 (11.5 to 41.4)a
|
44 ± 95.4 (33.2 to 77.5)
|
|
Success rate
|
450 (100%)a
|
425 (94.4%)
|
|
Carotid puncture
|
5 (1.1%)a
|
48 (10.6%)
|
|
Haematoma
|
2 (0.4%)a
|
38 (8.4%)
|
|
Haemothorax
|
0 (0%)a
|
8 (1.7%)
|
|
Pneumothorax
|
0 (0%)a
|
11 (2.4%)
|
|
Average number of attempts
|
1.1 ± 0.6 (1.1 to 1.9)a
|
2.6 ± 2.9 (1.5 to 6.3)
|
|
CVC-BSI
|
47 (10.4%)a
|
72 (16%)
|
- aComparison of the outcome measures between the ultrasound group and the landmark group of patients (p < 0.001). Access time and average number of attempts are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (95% confidence interval). Success rate, carotid puncture, haematoma, haemothorax, pneumothorax, and CVC-BSI are expressed as the absolute number of patients and percentage of their group. CVC-BSI, central venous catheter-associated blood stream infection.
