Table 1 Patient characteristics
From: Acute respiratory failure in the elderly: etiology, emergency diagnosis and prognosis
Variable | Men (n = 253) | Women (n = 261) | All patients (n = 514) |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 78 ± 8 | 82 ± 9a | 80 ± 9 |
Age ≥ 70 years | 157 (62) | 201 (77)a | 358 (70) |
Weight (kg) | 72 ± 17 | 62 ± 19a | 67 ± 9 |
Body mass index (m2.kg-1) | 25 ± 6 | 25 ± 8 | 25 ± 7 |
Living in an institution | 19 (8) | 26 (10) | 45 (9) |
Activity of daily living score | 6 [6-6] | 6 [6-6] | 6 [6-6] |
Medical history | |||
Previous cardiac disease | 107 (42) | 123 (47) | 230 (45) |
Coronary artery disease | 62 | 58 | 120 |
Valvular disease | 13 | 11 | 24 |
Others | 38 | 55 | 93 |
Previous cardiac insufficiency | 53 (21) | 57 (22) | 110 (21) |
Hypertension | 122 (48) | 151 (58)a | 275 (53) |
Chronic respiratory disease | 93 (37) | 40 (15)a | 133 (26) |
Obstructive | 84 | 13 | 97 |
Restrictive | 3 | 6 | 9 |
Mixed or others | 6 | 21 | 27 |
COPD | 104 (41) | 21 (8)a | 125 (24) |
Asthma | 9 (4) | 21 (8)a | 30 (6) |
Diabetes | 47 (19) | 34 (13) | 81 (16) |
Chronic renal insufficiency | 7 (3) | 9 (3) | 16 (3) |
Cancer | 48 (19) | 28 (11)a | 76 (15) |
Remission | 16 | 14 | 30 |
Stable | 7 | 3 | 10 |
In progress | 25 | 11 | 36 |
MacCabe score 3 | 113 (45) | 63 (24)a | 176 (34) |
Previous neurological disease | 46 (18) | 44 (17) | 90 (18) |
Cerebrovascular disease | 18 | 15 | 33 |
Parkinson's disease | 9 | 15 | 24 |
Dementia | 11 | 10 | 21 |
Others | 8 | 4 | 12 |
Clinical signs | |||
Respiratory rate (minute-1) | 27 ± 6 | 29 ± 6a | 28 ± 6 |
Cardiac rate (minute-1) | 94 ± 20 | 92 ± 20 | 93 ± 20 |
Systolic arterial pressure (mmHg) | 140 ± 30 | 145 ± 32a | 142 + 31 |
Diastolic arterial pressure (mmHg) | 76 ± 17 | 76 ± 19 | 76 + 18 |
Temperature (°C) | 37.5 ± 1.0 | 37.3 ± 1.2 | 37.4 ± 1.1 |
Blood gas analysis (n = 490) | |||
pH | 7.43 ± 0.07 | 7.43 ± 0.08 | 7.43 ± 0.07 |
PaO2 (mmHg) | 65 ± 18 | 65 ± 21 | 65 ± 20 |
PaCO2 (mmHg) | 41 ± 12 | 41 ± 14 | 41 ± 13 |
Bicarbonates (mmol l-1) | 26.7 ± 5.3 | 26.7 ± 5.7 | 26.7 ± 5.5 |