Table 1 Complications of acute renal failure
Complication | Details/comments |
|---|---|
Presence of coma | Glasgow Coma Scale score ≤8 without sedative drugs |
Bleeding | Presence of active bleeding with decrease in haematocrit |
Shock | Need for vasoactive drugs for blood pressure maintenance |
Hypertension | systolic blood pressure >140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure >90 mmHg |
Oliguria | Diuresis <20 ml/hour or <400 ml/day |
Hypervolaemia | Oedema plus hypertension and/or left ventricular failure and/or acute pulmonary oedema |
Hyperkalaemia | Serum potassium >5.5 mEq/l on at least two consecutive measurements |
Hyponatraemia | Serum sodium <130 mEq/l on at least two consecutive measurements |
Metabolic acidosis | Blood pH <7.20 and/or serum bicarbonate <20 mEq/l on at least two consecutives measurements |
Infection developing after the diagnosis of acute tubular necrosis | White blood cell count >15,000/mm3 or <4,000/mm3 (in the absence of haematological disease), axillary temperature ≥37.8°C or <36°C and heart rate >90 beats/minute, in the presence of an infectious site demonstrated by radiography, urinalysis, cerebrospinal fluid examination, ultrasound, or positive cultures |