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Table 1 Characteristics of randomized clinical trials comparing percutaneous dilatational and surgical tracheostomy in critically ill patients

From: Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy versus surgical tracheostomy in critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Study

No. of Participants

Mean age (years)

Male (%)

Population

Method of PDT

Location ST performed

Location PDT performed

ST performed by

PDT performed by

Use of bronchoscopic guidance for PDT

Hazard [30]

46

63.1

54.3

Medical/surgical ICU

Multiple dilator

ICU or OT

ICU

Staff

Trainee

No

Crofts [26]

53

59.3

58.5

Medical/surgical ICU

Multiple dilator

OT

ICU

Trainee

Trainee

No

Friedman [28]

53

54.5

58.5

Medical/surgical ICU

Multiple dilator

OT

ICU

Staff

Trainee

No

Holdgaard [32]

60

60

76.7

Medical/surgical ICU

Multiple dilator

OT

OR

Trainee

Staff

No

Jong Joon [21]

38

61

71

Medical ICU

Multiple dilator

ICU

ICU

Trainee

Trainee

Yes

Gysin [29]

70

55.5

NR

Medical/surgical ICU

Multiple dilator

ICU or OT

ICU or OT

Staff

Staff

Yes

Porter [34]

24

44.8

79.2

Surgical ICU

Multiple dilator

ICU

ICU

Trainee

Trainee

Yes

Raine [35]

100

43.1

66

Medical/surgical ICU

Forceps

ICU

ICU

Staff

Staff

No

Heikkinen [31]

57

64.6

70.2

Medical/surgical ICU

Forceps

ICU

ICU

Staff

Staff

No

Freeman [27]

80

63.4

46.3

Medical/surgical ICU

Multiple dilator

OT

ICU

NR

NR

Yes

Massick [40]

100

NR

NR

Medical/surgical ICU

Multiple dilator

ICU

ICU

Trainee

Trainee

Yes

Melloni [33]

50

56.5

62

Medical/surgical ICU

Multiple dilator

ICU or OT

ICU

Staff

Staff

Yes

Sustic [36]

16

36

81.3

Neurosurgical ICU

Forceps

OT

ICU

Staff

Staff

No

Wu [38]

83

68.8

78.3

Medical/surgical ICU

Multiple dilator

OT

ICU

Trainee

Staff

Yes

Antonelli [25]

139

63.5

59.7

Medical/surgical ICU

Translaryngeal

OT

ICU

Staff

Staff

No

Tabaee [37]

43

60.1

39.5

Medical/surgical ICU

Single dilator

ICU

ICU

Trainee

Trainee

Yes

Silvester [39]

200

60.7

68.5

Medical/surgical ICU

Multiple dilator

ICU

ICU

Trainee

Trainee

Yes

  1. ICU, intensive care unit; NR, not reported; OT, operating theatre; PDT, percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy; ST, surgical tracheostomy.